{
"generated": "2026-10-25",
"count": 524,
"records": [
{
"source_id": "1mdb-s1",
"organization_id": "1mdb",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs",
"title": "United States Seeks to Recover More Than $1 Billion Obtained from Corruption Involving Malaysian Sovereign Wealth Fund",
"date": "20 July 2016",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/united-states-seeks-recover-more-1-billion-obtained-corruption-involving-malaysian-sovereign",
"note": "DOJ press release on the July 2016 civil forfeiture complaints. Supports the amount sought and the misappropriation figure. These are allegations, not findings."
},
{
"source_id": "1mdb-s2",
"organization_id": "1mdb",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Eastern District of New York",
"title": "Malaysian Financier Low Taek Jho, AKA Jho Low, and Former Banker Ng Chong Hwa, AKA Roger Ng, Indicted for Conspiring to Launder Billions of Dollars in Illegal Proceeds",
"date": "1 November 2018",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-edny/pr/malaysian-financier-low-taek-jho-aka-jho-low-and-former-banker-ng-chong-hwa-aka-roger",
"note": "DOJ release announcing the 1 November 2018 indictment of Low and Ng. Supports the charge and that Low is at large. An indictment is an allegation."
},
{
"source_id": "1mdb-s3",
"organization_id": "1mdb",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs",
"title": "United States Reaches Settlement to Recover More Than $700 Million in Assets Allegedly Traceable to Corruption Involving Malaysian Sovereign Wealth Fund",
"date": "30 October 2019",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/united-states-reaches-settlement-recover-more-700-million-assets-allegedly-traceable",
"note": "DOJ release on the 30 October 2019 settlement to forfeit assets worth more than US$700 million. Supports that the civil case is not a criminal finding and that charges remain open."
},
{
"source_id": "1mdb-s4",
"organization_id": "1mdb",
"issuer": "Bernama",
"title": "Najib to serve his jail sentence from today",
"date": "23 August 2022",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.bernama.com/en/news.php?id=2113808",
"note": "Bernama report quoting the Federal Court decision of 23 August 2022. Supports the final conviction and sentence. We did not read the full court judgment."
},
{
"source_id": "1mdb-s5",
"organization_id": "1mdb",
"issuer": "Free Malaysia Today",
"title": "It's confirmed: Najib's 12-year jail term halved to 6",
"date": "2 February 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2024/02/02/najibs-12-year-jail-term-shortened-to-6",
"note": "Free Malaysia Today report on the Pardons Board decision in early 2024. Supports the cut to six years and RM50 million and the August 2028 release date."
},
{
"source_id": "1mdb-s6",
"organization_id": "1mdb",
"issuer": "The Vibes",
"title": "Najib to proceed with judicial review on alleged Royal Addendum",
"date": "13 August 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.thevibes.com/articles/news/111501/royal-addendum-valid-federal-court-verdict-allows-najibs-house-arrest-appeal",
"note": "The Vibes report on the Federal Court decision of 13 August 2025. Supports that the royal addendum judicial review may proceed and that Najib stayed in prison."
},
{
"source_id": "1mdb-s7",
"organization_id": "1mdb",
"issuer": "The Edge Malaysia",
"title": "Jho Low claims he is absolved of wrongdoing in 1MDB after resolution with US DOJ",
"date": "28 January (year not shown on page)",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://theedgemalaysia.com/article/jho-low-claims-he-absolved-wrongdoing-1mdb-after-resolution-us-doj",
"note": "The Edge Malaysia report on Low's statement of defence. Origin for his claim that the settlement was not an admission of wrongdoing. Press account only."
},
{
"source_id": "1mdb-s8",
"organization_id": "1mdb",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs",
"title": "Goldman Sachs Charged in Foreign Bribery Case and Agrees to Pay Over $2.9 Billion",
"date": "22 October 2020",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/goldman-sachs-charged-foreign-bribery-case-and-agrees-pay-over-29-billion",
"note": "DOJ release of 22 October 2020 on the Goldman Sachs resolution. Referenced for context. Goldman has its own record and is not assessed here."
},
{
"source_id": "1mdb-s9",
"organization_id": "1mdb",
"issuer": "The Edge Malaysia",
"title": "Najib loses bid to serve rest of jail term under house arrest",
"date": "22 December 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://theedgemalaysia.com/node/786721",
"note": "The Edge Malaysia report on the High Court dismissal of the house arrest judicial review. Supports that the review failed and that Najib stays in Kajang Prison until August 2028."
},
{
"source_id": "1mdb-s10",
"organization_id": "1mdb",
"issuer": "Malay Mail",
"title": "Najib drops his appeal for house arrest, court records show",
"date": "27 April 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2026/04/27/najib-drops-his-appeal-for-house-arrest-court-records-show/217510",
"note": "Malay Mail report that Najib filed a notice of discontinuance and the Court of Appeal struck out the house arrest appeal on 14 April 2026 with no liberty to refile. Supports that the conviction stands."
},
{
"source_id": "abb-s1",
"organization_id": "abb",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "ABB Agrees to Pay Over $315 Million to Resolve Coordinated Global Foreign Bribery Case",
"date": "2 December 2022",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/abb-agrees-pay-over-315-million-resolve-coordinated-global-foreign-bribery-case",
"note": "Supports the DPA, the penalty, the guilty pleas and the disclosure credit. It does not give the South African amount."
},
{
"source_id": "abb-s2",
"organization_id": "abb",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "Press Release 2022-214",
"date": "Dated 3 December 2022 on the page",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2022-214",
"note": "Supports the Kusile contract value, the US$37 million in payments and the SEC amounts. It does not cover the 2025 dismissal."
},
{
"source_id": "abb-s3",
"organization_id": "abb",
"issuer": "ABB Ltd",
"title": "ABB concludes settlements for Kusile project",
"date": "2 December 2022",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://new.abb.com/news/detail/97719/abb-concludes-settlements-for-kusile-project",
"note": "ABB's total of US$327 million and its list of authorities. It does not break out the South African payment."
},
{
"source_id": "abb-s4",
"organization_id": "abb",
"issuer": "ABB Ltd",
"title": "ABB reaches settlement with Eskom and South Africa's SIU",
"date": "11 December 2020",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://new.abb.com/news/detail/71991/abb-reaches-settlement-with-eskom-and-south-africas-siu",
"note": "Supports the 1.56 billion rand Eskom settlement and the reference to voluntary disclosure. It makes no explicit admission."
},
{
"source_id": "abb-s5",
"organization_id": "abb",
"issuer": "OCCRP",
"title": "Swiss Company ABB to Pay $315 Million in South African Bribery Probe",
"date": "7 December 2022",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.occrp.org/en/daily/17128-swiss-company-abb-to-pay-315-million-in-south-african-bribery-probe",
"note": "Report by Inci Sayki using the US$315 million headline figure. It later gives US$327 million across agencies."
},
{
"source_id": "abb-s6",
"organization_id": "abb",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, filed in the US District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia",
"title": "Government's Unopposed Motion to Dismiss Information, United States v. ABB Ltd, No. 1:22-CR-220",
"date": "18 June 2025",
"type": "Court filing",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://complianceconcourse.willkie.com/app/uploads/2025/07/20250618-ABB_-Gov-Unopposed-Motion-to-Dismiss-Information.pdf",
"note": "Government motion filed as ECF No. 23 with a proposed order. It supports full compliance, payment of the US$315,000,000 penalty and the request for dismissal with prejudice."
},
{
"source_id": "abb-s7",
"organization_id": "abb",
"issuer": "Willkie Farr & Gallagher, Compliance Concourse",
"title": "DOJ terminates ABB's DPA early",
"date": "25 June 2025",
"type": "Academic paper",
"tier": "D",
"url": "https://complianceconcourse.willkie.com/?p=16578",
"note": "Law firm bulletin reporting that the court granted dismissal on 20 June 2025. It is professional analysis, not the order."
},
{
"source_id": "abb-s8",
"organization_id": "abb",
"issuer": "US District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia",
"title": "Order, United States v. ABB Ltd., No. 1:22-cr-00220-MSN",
"date": "20 June 2025",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://complianceconcourse.willkie.com/app/uploads/2025/07/20250620-ABB-Order-to-Dismiss-w-Prejudice.pdf",
"note": "Signed order filed on 20 June 2025 per the docket stamp, dismissing the information with prejudice. Copy hosted by a law firm, not the court."
},
{
"source_id": "abraaj-group-s1",
"organization_id": "abraaj-group",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "SEC Charges Dubai-Based Advisory Firm and Its Founder (Litigation Release No. 24449)",
"date": "11 April 2019",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-24449",
"note": "Supports the SEC allegation that Naqvi and Abraaj Investment Management Limited misappropriated Health Fund money. The 2019 complaint is an allegation, not a finding."
},
{
"source_id": "abraaj-group-s2",
"organization_id": "abraaj-group",
"issuer": "Dubai Financial Services Authority",
"title": "DFSA Fines Two Abraaj Group Companies a Total of USD 315 Million for Deceiving Investors and the Regulator",
"date": "30 July 2019",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://dfsa.ae/news/dfsa-fines-two-abraaj-group-companies-total-usd-315-million-deceiving-investors-and-regulator",
"note": "Supports the fines on AIML (US$299.3 million) and ACLD (US$15.3 million) and the findings of deception. It notes payment remains conditional."
},
{
"source_id": "abraaj-group-s3",
"organization_id": "abraaj-group",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "SEC Charges Former Abraaj Managing Partner for Assisting Abraaj's Misappropriation of Private Fund Assets",
"date": "1 March 2022",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforce/33-11037-s",
"note": "Supports Vettivetpillai's July 2021 guilty plea and his settled SEC charges with a bar. It does not give the criminal sentence."
},
{
"source_id": "abraaj-group-s4",
"organization_id": "abraaj-group",
"issuer": "PwC Corporate Finance and Recovery (Cayman) Limited",
"title": "Abraaj Holdings - In Provisional Liquidation",
"date": "20 June 2018",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.pwc.com/ky/en/services/abraaj-holdings.html",
"note": "Supports the Cayman Grand Court appointment of PwC joint provisional liquidators over Abraaj Holdings on 18 June 2018. It gives no later distribution figures."
},
{
"source_id": "abraaj-group-s5",
"organization_id": "abraaj-group",
"issuer": "Dawn",
"title": "Arif Naqvi loses final appeal against extradition to US",
"date": "9 March 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.dawn.com/news/1741195",
"note": "Reports the UK High Court refusal of Naqvi's final challenge and the 28-day surrender window. It does not confirm that he was later surrendered."
},
{
"source_id": "abraaj-group-s6",
"organization_id": "abraaj-group",
"issuer": "Geo News",
"title": "Two Abraaj partners accepted criminal charges to help US get Arif Naqvi",
"date": "4 September 2021",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.geo.tv/latest/368725-two-abraaj-partners-accepted-criminal-charges-to-help-us-get-arif-naqvi",
"note": "Reports the guilty pleas and cooperation of Abdel-Wadood and Vettivetpillai and Naqvi's denial. It relies in part on unnamed experts."
},
{
"source_id": "abraaj-group-s7",
"organization_id": "abraaj-group",
"issuer": "The National",
"title": "Abraaj investors were lied to, says former executive as he pleads guilty to conspiracy",
"date": "29 June 2019",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/markets/abraaj-investors-were-lied-to-says-former-executive-as-he-pleads-guilty-to-conspiracy-1.880667",
"note": "Reports Abdel-Wadood's guilty plea to conspiracy in Manhattan federal court and his agreement to cooperate. It does not name the judge."
},
{
"source_id": "adani-group-s1",
"organization_id": "adani-group",
"issuer": "Hindenburg Research",
"title": "Adani Group: How The World's 3rd Richest Man Is Pulling The Largest Con In Corporate History",
"date": "24 January 2023",
"type": "Short-seller report",
"tier": "D",
"url": "https://hindenburgresearch.com/adani/",
"note": "Origin of the manipulation and related party claims. A short seller's analysis, not a finding."
},
{
"source_id": "adani-group-s2",
"organization_id": "adani-group",
"issuer": "Adani Enterprises Limited (filing of SEBI final order)",
"title": "Intimation of SEBI final order in the matter of Hindenburg Allegations against Adani Group",
"date": "19 September 2025",
"type": "Regulator order",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.adanienterprises.com/-/media/Project/Enterprises/Investors/Corporate-Announcement/AELIntimationforSEBIOrderHidenberg.pdf",
"note": "SEBI order of 18 September 2025 as filed by the company, signed by Whole Time Member Kamlesh Chandra Varshney. Covers the Milestone and Rehvar routing allegation only."
},
{
"source_id": "adani-group-s3",
"organization_id": "adani-group",
"issuer": "Scroll",
"title": "SEBI clears Adani Group in allegation linked to Hindenburg report",
"date": "18 September 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://scroll.in/latest/1086739/sebi-clears-adani-group-in-allegation-linked-to-hindenburg-report",
"note": "Staff report on two SEBI orders and the chairman's reaction, corroborated by the filed SEBI order. Does not report on other inquiries."
},
{
"source_id": "adani-group-s4",
"organization_id": "adani-group",
"issuer": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "SEC Charges Three Senior Executives in Two Actions Alleging Massive Bribery Scheme Involving Indian Energy Companies Adani Green and Azure Power",
"date": "20 November 2024",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2024-181",
"note": "States the SEC allegations and the court. These are allegations, not findings."
},
{
"source_id": "adani-group-s5",
"organization_id": "adani-group",
"issuer": "Reuters, via Business Standard",
"title": "US SEC fraud case against Adani to proceed after procedural issue resolved",
"date": "31 January 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/us-sec-fraud-case-against-adani-to-proceed-after-procedural-issue-resolved-126013001721_1.html",
"note": "Reports the service agreement and the quiet criminal docket. Does not report merits rulings."
},
{
"source_id": "adani-group-s6",
"organization_id": "adani-group",
"issuer": "Adani Green Energy Limited",
"title": "Update to news clarification",
"date": "18 May 2026",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.adanigreenenergy.com/-/media/project/greenenergy/corporate-announcement/others/update-to-news-clarification-19-05-2026.pdf",
"note": "Stock exchange filing that the DOJ moved to dismiss indictment No. 24-CR-433 with prejudice and that the company is not a party. It predates the court's order."
},
{
"source_id": "adani-group-s7",
"organization_id": "adani-group",
"issuer": "U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York (copy hosted by Miller and Chevalier)",
"title": "[PROPOSED] Final Judgment as to Gautam Adani, SEC v. Adani, 24-cv-08080",
"date": "14 May 2026",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.millerchevalier.com/sites/default/files/resources/FCPAReview/2026-05-14_SEC-v-Adani_Consent-Agreement-G-Adani.pdf",
"note": "Proposed consent judgment filed 14 May 2026 with a US$6 million penalty, without admitting or denying. It does not show the judgment was entered."
},
{
"source_id": "adani-group-s8",
"organization_id": "adani-group",
"issuer": "ThePrint (PTI)",
"title": "US court permanently dismisses criminal case against Gautam Adani",
"date": "11 August 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://theprint.in/economy/us-court-permanently-dismisses-criminal-case-against-gautam-adani/3011686/",
"note": "Press Trust of India report, no named reporter, on the 10 August 2026 order dismissing three counts with prejudice. The DOJ motion is corroborated by the company filing."
},
{
"source_id": "airbus-s1",
"organization_id": "airbus",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Airbus Agrees to Pay over $3.9 Billion in Global Penalties to Resolve Foreign Bribery and ITAR Case",
"date": "31 January 2020",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/airbus-agrees-pay-over-39-billion-global-penalties-resolve-foreign-bribery-and-itar-case",
"note": "Supports the DPA, the FCPA conspiracy charge, the US$527 million US payment and the use of business partners. It does not cover later compliance."
},
{
"source_id": "airbus-s2",
"organization_id": "airbus",
"issuer": "Serious Fraud Office",
"title": "SFO enters into €991m Deferred Prosecution Agreement with Airbus as part of a €3.6bn global resolution",
"date": "31 January 2020",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sfo.gov.uk/2020/01/31/sfo-enters-into-e991m-deferred-prosecution-agreement-with-airbus-as-part-of-a-e3-6bn-global-resolution/",
"note": "Supports the UK DPA, the five counts, the five countries and the use of agents. It does not state the DPA's expiry."
},
{
"source_id": "airbus-s3",
"organization_id": "airbus",
"issuer": "Airbus SE",
"title": "Airbus reaches agreements with French, U.K. and U.S. authorities",
"date": "31 January 2020",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.airbus.com/sites/g/files/jlcbta136/files/86b8a5d11d563d02af5dc7e24fefc1fd_EN-Airbus-final-agreements-with-French-UK-US-authorities.pdf",
"note": "Company account of the total penalties, the French terms and AFA audits over three years. It is the company's own description."
},
{
"source_id": "airbus-s4",
"organization_id": "airbus",
"issuer": "Airbus SE",
"title": "Airbus finalises CJIP agreement with French authorities",
"date": "30 November 2022",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.airbus.com/sites/g/files/jlcbta136/files/2022-11/EN_Airbus%20finalises%20CJIP%20agreement%20with%20French%20authorities.pdf",
"note": "Company account of the 2022 CJIP on Libya and Kazakhstan. It does not say whether Airbus admits the facts."
},
{
"source_id": "airbus-s5",
"organization_id": "airbus",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice (court filing hosted by Miller and Chevalier)",
"title": "Motion to dismiss the Information, United States v. Airbus SE, Case No. 1:20-cr-00021",
"date": "28 July 2023",
"type": "Deferred prosecution agreement",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.millerchevalier.com/sites/default/files/resources/FCPAReview/FCPAAutumnReview2023_DOJ-Airbus-Motion.pdf",
"note": "The government's filing under the DPA stating full compliance and seeking dismissal. It does not show the court's ruling. The filing seeks dismissal with prejudice and has no signed order attached."
},
{
"source_id": "airbus-s6",
"organization_id": "airbus",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Criminal Division, Fraud Section",
"title": "Airbus SE",
"date": "Last updated 11 August 2023",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/criminal/criminal-fraud/fcpa/cases/airbus-se",
"note": "FCPA case page giving docket 20-CR-00021 in the District of Columbia, filed 28 January 2020, with the information and DPA. It posts no motion or order on dismissal."
},
{
"source_id": "archegos-capital-s1",
"organization_id": "archegos-capital",
"issuer": "US Attorney's Office, Southern District of New York",
"title": "Founder and Head of Archegos Capital Management Bill Hwang Sentenced to 18 Years in Prison",
"date": "19 December 2024",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/founder-and-head-archegos-capital-management-bill-hwang-sentenced-18-years-prison",
"note": "Supports the July 2024 conviction on racketeering conspiracy, securities fraud, market manipulation and wire fraud, the 18-year sentence by Judge Hellerstein and more than US$9 billion restitution. Names Halligan and his 27 January 2025 sentencing date."
},
{
"source_id": "archegos-capital-s2",
"organization_id": "archegos-capital",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "SEC Charges Archegos and its Founder with Massive Market Manipulation Scheme",
"date": "27 April 2022",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2022-70",
"note": "Supports the SEC charges, the swap-based manipulation allegation and the growth and exposure figures. It states allegations, not findings."
},
{
"source_id": "archegos-capital-s3",
"organization_id": "archegos-capital",
"issuer": "Bloomberg",
"title": "Bill Hwang Seeks Pardon for Fraud That Cost Banks $10 Billion",
"date": "21 January 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-01-21/bill-hwang-seeks-pardon-for-fraud-that-cost-banks-10-billion",
"note": "Supports that Hwang is free on bail appealing the verdict and sought a presidential pardon in January 2026. Used for current status only."
},
{
"source_id": "archegos-capital-s4",
"organization_id": "archegos-capital",
"issuer": "Al Jazeera",
"title": "Archegos's Bill Hwang sentenced to 18 years in prison for massive US fraud",
"date": "20 November 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2024/11/20/archegoss-bill-hwang-sentenced-to-18-years-in-prison-for-massive-us-fraud",
"note": "Supports the 20 November 2024 sentencing, the more than US$10 billion bank loss figure and the US$5.5 billion Credit Suisse loss. Used for the sentencing date and colour."
},
{
"source_id": "archegos-capital-s5",
"organization_id": "archegos-capital",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "Securities and Exchange Commission v. Sung Kook (Bill) Hwang, et al., Complaint",
"date": "27 April 2022",
"type": "Court filing",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/litigation/complaints/2022/comp-pr2022-70.pdf",
"note": "Supports the case caption 1:22-cv-03402, the US$36 billion capital and US$160 billion gross exposure figures, the use of total return swaps and the billions in counterparty credit losses. It states allegations."
},
{
"source_id": "bain-south-africa-s1",
"organization_id": "bain-south-africa",
"issuer": "Civil Service World",
"title": "Consultancy firm's ban on bidding for government contracts is lifted",
"date": "23 March 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://civilserviceworld.com/professions/article/consultancy-firm-ban-on-bidding-for-government-contracts-lifted",
"note": "Report by Tevye Markson on the lifting of the UK exclusion and its conditions. It does not cover South African proceedings."
},
{
"source_id": "bain-south-africa-s2",
"organization_id": "bain-south-africa",
"issuer": "Bain & Company",
"title": "Bain's path forward: Public sector work in the UK",
"date": "Undated, read October 2026",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.bain.com/careers/path-forward",
"note": "Bain's account of the UK exclusion, its fee repayment and its denial. It does not mention the Treasury restriction."
},
{
"source_id": "bain-south-africa-s3",
"organization_id": "bain-south-africa",
"issuer": "BusinessTech (Bloomberg)",
"title": "Major firm guilty of serious offences wants a comeback in South Africa",
"date": "17 February 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/812189/major-firm-guilty-of-serious-offences-wants-a-comeback-in-south-africa/",
"note": "Bloomberg report on Bain's court challenge and quotes from its papers. It does not name the court or give hearing dates."
},
{
"source_id": "bain-south-africa-s4",
"organization_id": "bain-south-africa",
"issuer": "Ecofin Agency",
"title": "Closure Announced for Bain & Company Consulting Operations in South Africa",
"date": "30 July 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.ecofinagency.com/news-services/3007-47905-closure-announced-for-bain-company-consulting-operations-in-south-africa",
"note": "Report by Idriss Linge on the wind-down and the unresolved challenge. It does not give a court ruling."
},
{
"source_id": "bain-south-africa-s5",
"organization_id": "bain-south-africa",
"issuer": "News24Wire via Polity.org.za",
"title": "Treasury bans Bain & Co. from public sector contracts for a decade",
"date": "29 September 2022",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.polity.org.za/article/treasury-bans-bain-co-from-public-sector-contracts-for-a-decade-2022-09-29",
"note": "Reports Treasury's restriction, its period and grounds. It does not cite the legal basis or the commission findings."
},
{
"source_id": "bain-south-africa-s6",
"organization_id": "bain-south-africa",
"issuer": "Daily Maverick",
"title": "Nugent Commission final report recommends criminal prosecution and far reaching changes to restore SARS",
"date": "15 December 2018",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-12-14-nugent-commission-final-report-recommends-criminal-prosecution-and-far-reaching-changes-to-restore-sars.md",
"note": "Report by Marianne Thamm on the Nugent recommendations. It is not the commission report itself."
},
{
"source_id": "bain-south-africa-s7",
"organization_id": "bain-south-africa",
"issuer": "Daily Maverick",
"title": "Labour government rejects call to reinstate Bain & Company's ban amid controversial state capture links",
"date": "22 January 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2025-01-22-uk-wont-reinstate-ban-on-state-capture-implicated-bain-co",
"note": "Report by Peter Fabricius that the UK government declined to reinstate the exclusion. It does not mention Bain's judicial review."
},
{
"source_id": "bain-south-africa-s8",
"organization_id": "bain-south-africa",
"issuer": "Daily Maverick",
"title": "Five things to know about the State Capture Commission's findings and recommendations on SARS",
"date": "5 January 2022",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-01-04-five-things-to-know-about-the-state-capture-commissions-findings-and-recommendations-on-sars.md",
"note": "Report by Pauli van Wyk on the commission's Part I findings on SARS and Bain. It is press, not the report text, which was not reached on an official site."
},
{
"source_id": "bayer-s1",
"organization_id": "bayer",
"issuer": "International Agency for Research on Cancer",
"title": "Q&A on Glyphosate",
"date": "1 March 2016",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/QA_Glyphosate.pdf",
"note": "Official IARC explanation of its March 2015 Group 2A classification. It is a hazard classification and does not measure risk at actual exposure levels."
},
{
"source_id": "bayer-s2",
"organization_id": "bayer",
"issuer": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
"title": "Glyphosate",
"date": "Last updated 26 August 2026",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/glyphosate",
"note": "EPA page on its cancer conclusion, the 2022 vacatur and withdrawal of the 2020 interim decision, and the pending update. It does not give a date for a new registration decision."
},
{
"source_id": "bayer-s3",
"organization_id": "bayer",
"issuer": "Supreme Court of the United States",
"title": "Monsanto Co. v. Durnell, No. 24-1068, slip opinion",
"date": "25 June 2026",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/25pdf/24-1068_n7ip.pdf",
"note": "Holds that FIFRA preempts the failure-to-warn claim. It does not decide whether glyphosate causes cancer."
},
{
"source_id": "bayer-s4",
"organization_id": "bayer",
"issuer": "Bayer",
"title": "Monsanto announces Roundup™ class settlement agreement to resolve current and future claims",
"date": "17 February 2026",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.bayer.com/en-us/united-states/news-and-stories/2026/monsanto-announces-roundup-class-settlement",
"note": "Company account of the settlement terms and its view of regulators' conclusions. It is not a court record."
},
{
"source_id": "bayer-s5",
"organization_id": "bayer",
"issuer": "Bayer",
"title": "Roundup™ Litigation",
"date": "11 August 2026, modified 17 September 2026",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.bayer.com/en/litigation-statement/statement-on-class-final-approval-hearing",
"note": "Company statement that the final approval hearing took place on 14 September 2026 and the decision will come later. It does not report a ruling."
},
{
"source_id": "bayer-s6",
"organization_id": "bayer",
"issuer": "Claims Journal",
"title": "Bayer Wins Court Nod for $7.25 Billion Roundup Settlement",
"date": "5 March 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://amp.claimsjournal.com/news/national/2026/03/05/336073.htm",
"note": "Report by Sonja Wind on preliminary approval by St. Louis Circuit Judge Tim Boyer and the 4 June opt-out deadline. It does not cover final approval."
},
{
"source_id": "bayer-s7",
"organization_id": "bayer",
"issuer": "Reuters (via Investing.com)",
"title": "Bayer’s Monsanto unit urges Missouri judge to approve $7.25 billion Roundup settlement",
"date": "14 September 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.investing.com/news/stock-market-news/bayers-monsanto-unit-urges-missouri-judge-to-approve-725-billion-roundup-settlement-4900218",
"note": "Report by Dietrich Knauth on the final approval hearing before Judge Timothy Boyer. It confirms no ruling was expected at the hearing. It does not report a later decision."
},
{
"source_id": "madoff-securities-s1",
"organization_id": "madoff-securities",
"issuer": "US Attorney's Office, Southern District of New York (via FBI New York)",
"title": "Bernard Madoff Sentenced to 150 Years in Prison",
"date": "29 June 2009",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.fbi.gov/newyork/press-releases/2009/nyfo062909.htm",
"note": "Supports the 150-year sentence and the US$170,799,000,000 forfeiture. Does not give a final net loss figure."
},
{
"source_id": "madoff-securities-s2",
"organization_id": "madoff-securities",
"issuer": "US Attorney's Office, Southern District of New York (via FBI New York)",
"title": "Bernard L. Madoff Pleads Guilty to 11-Count Criminal Information and Is Remanded Into Custody",
"date": "12 March 2009",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.fbi.gov/newyork/press-releases/2009/nyfo031209.htm/",
"note": "Supports the guilty plea to eleven felony counts and the prosecutor forecast on recovery. Does not state the scheme's duration."
},
{
"source_id": "madoff-securities-s3",
"organization_id": "madoff-securities",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs",
"title": "Justice Department's 10th Distribution Brings Total Provided to Over $4.3B in Nearly Full Recovery to Over 40,000 Victims in Madoff Ponzi Scheme",
"date": "30 December 2024",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/justice-departments-10th-distribution-brings-total-provided-over-43b-nearly-full-recovery",
"note": "Supports the MVF total of over US$4.3 billion and the 93.71% recovery of fraud losses for MVF victims. This is a separate track from the SIPA Trustee."
},
{
"source_id": "madoff-securities-s4",
"organization_id": "madoff-securities",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission, Office of Inspector General",
"title": "Investigation of Failure of the SEC To Uncover Bernard Madoff's Ponzi Scheme (Executive Summary, Case No. OIG-509)",
"date": "August 2009",
"type": "Audit report",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/oig-509-exec-summary.pdf",
"note": "Supports the finding that the SEC had ample complaints and never ran a competent investigation. An internal watchdog report, not a court ruling."
},
{
"source_id": "madoff-securities-s5",
"organization_id": "madoff-securities",
"issuer": "Associated Press (Michael Balsamo and Tom Hays), via OPB",
"title": "Ponzi schemer Bernie Madoff dies in prison at 82",
"date": "14 April 2021",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.opb.org/article/2021/04/14/ponzi-schemer-bernie-madoff-dies-in-prison-at-82/",
"note": "Supports the date, place and age of Madoff's death in federal custody. Cause given as natural causes by an anonymous source."
},
{
"source_id": "madoff-securities-s6",
"organization_id": "madoff-securities",
"issuer": "Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC)",
"title": "Madoff Trustee Requests Allocation of More Than $123 Million to Customer Fund and Court Approval to Distribute More Than $87 Million to BLMIS Customers with Allowed Claims",
"date": "11 December 2025",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sipc.org/news-and-media/news-releases/20251211",
"note": "Supports the seventeenth distribution reaching 72.015% of each allowed claim. Reports a Trustee recovery of about US$14.833 billion as of 31 October 2025."
},
{
"source_id": "madoff-securities-s7",
"organization_id": "madoff-securities",
"issuer": "Office of the SIPA Trustee for BLMIS (Irving H. Picard, BakerHostetler)",
"title": "Recoveries, Distributions and SIPC Commitment",
"date": "23 October 2026",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://madofftrustee.com/recoveries-distributions-sipc-commitment-00.html",
"note": "Supports the Trustee recovery of about US$15.509 billion as of 23 October 2026. Does not state total allowed claims or an overall recovery percentage."
},
{
"source_id": "bhp-s1",
"organization_id": "bhp",
"issuer": "High Court of Justice, Technology and Construction Court",
"title": "Município De Mariana v BHP Group (UK) Limited & Anor [2025] EWHC 3001 (TCC)",
"date": "14 November 2025",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ewhc/tcc/2025/3001",
"note": "Liability judgment. Supports BHP's pleaded position at paragraph 8 and the court's dam findings at paragraph 225. The online text read stopped near paragraph 234, so the liability conclusions were not read directly."
},
{
"source_id": "bhp-s2",
"organization_id": "bhp",
"issuer": "Court of Appeal of England and Wales (Civil Division)",
"title": "Município de Mariana & Ors v BHP Group (UK) Ltd & Anor [2026] EWCA Civ 502",
"date": "6 May 2026",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ewca/civ/2026/502",
"note": "Refuses permission to appeal on strict liability at paragraph 87 and treats the fault ground as not reasonably arguable. Paragraph 7 places the next trial in the second part of 2027 into 2028. The limitation section was not read."
},
{
"source_id": "bhp-s3",
"organization_id": "bhp",
"issuer": "BHP Group Limited",
"title": "Update - United Kingdom group action",
"date": "14 November 2025",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/811809/000119312525281695/d94725d6k.htm",
"note": "Company statement confirming the liability finding, its intent to appeal and its duplication view. It gave October 2026 to March 2027 for the second stage trial, since overtaken."
},
{
"source_id": "bhp-s4",
"organization_id": "bhp",
"issuer": "BHP Group Limited",
"title": "BHP Brasil reaches final settlement with Public Authorities in Brazil for reparation of Samarco's Fundão dam failure",
"date": "25 October 2024",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/811809/000119312524244088/d878107d6k.htm",
"note": "Company statement on the BRL 170 billion agreement and its parties. It lists the UK action as unresolved."
},
{
"source_id": "bhp-s5",
"organization_id": "bhp",
"issuer": "BHP Group Limited",
"title": "Samarco update - Ratification of agreement with Brazilian Public Authorities",
"date": "7 November 2024",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.investegate.co.uk/announcement/rns/bhp-group-limited-npv-di---bhp/samarco-update-ratification-of-agreement/8534603",
"note": "Company announcement of ratification on 6 November 2024. The court order itself was not read."
},
{
"source_id": "bhp-s6",
"organization_id": "bhp",
"issuer": "Reuters (via Mining Weekly)",
"title": "BHP liable for 2015 Brazil dam collapse, UK court rules in mammoth lawsuit",
"date": "14 November 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.miningweekly.com/article/bhp-liable-for-2015-brazil-dam-collapse-uk-court-rules-in-mammoth-lawsuit-2025-11-14",
"note": "Reuters report on the ruling and the scale of the claim. The syndicated page shows no byline or date. It gave October 2026 for the damages trial."
},
{
"source_id": "bhp-s7",
"organization_id": "bhp",
"issuer": "Reuters (via Engineering News)",
"title": "BHP can't appeal UK judgment over 2015 Brazil dam collapse",
"date": "6 May 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/bhp-cant-appeal-uk-judgment-over-2015-brazil-dam-collapse-2026-05-06",
"note": "Reuters report on the Court of Appeal refusal, the January 2026 High Court refusal and the April 2027 damages trial."
},
{
"source_id": "bhp-s8",
"organization_id": "bhp",
"issuer": "Solicitors Journal",
"title": "Município de Mariana v BHP: Court of Appeal refuses permission to appeal liability findings",
"date": "6 May 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.solicitorsjournal.com/sjarticle/municpio-de-mariana-v-bhp-court-of-appeal-refuses-permission-to-appeal-liability-findings",
"note": "Legal press summary of the liability bases and the appeal refusal. It reports that all three limitation grounds were refused. No named author, and its points match the Court of Appeal text."
},
{
"source_id": "bhp-s9",
"organization_id": "bhp",
"issuer": "Courts and Tribunals Judiciary",
"title": "Municipio de Mariana -v- BHP Group (judgment and summary)",
"date": "14 November 2025",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/municipio-de-mariana-v-bhp-group-2/",
"note": "Official judiciary page for the liability judgment and its summary. It confirms the citation, case numbers, judge and date. The summary text could not be extracted for this record."
},
{
"source_id": "binance-s1",
"organization_id": "binance",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs",
"title": "Binance and CEO Plead Guilty to Federal Charges in $4B Resolution",
"date": "21 November 2023",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/binance-and-ceo-plead-guilty-federal-charges-4b-resolution",
"note": "Supports the corporate and founder pleas, the amount and the monitor. It does not cover later events."
},
{
"source_id": "binance-s2",
"organization_id": "binance",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Office of the Pardon Attorney",
"title": "Clemency Grants by President Donald J. Trump (2025-Present)",
"date": "21 October 2025 (entry date)",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/pardon/clemency-grants-president-donald-j-trump-2025-present",
"note": "Official list recording the founder's pardon, offence, district and sentence. It does not concern the corporate plea."
},
{
"source_id": "binance-s3",
"organization_id": "binance",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "Litigation Release No. 26316, Binance Holdings Limited, BAM Trading Services Inc., BAM Management US Holdings Inc., Changpeng Zhao",
"date": "29 May 2025",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26316",
"note": "Supports the filing date, case number and dismissal with prejudice. It makes no finding on the allegations."
},
{
"source_id": "binance-s4",
"organization_id": "binance",
"issuer": "Reuters, via TimesLive",
"title": "Nigerian judge adjourns Binance tax evasion case to May 12",
"date": "2 May 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/africa/2025-05-02-nigerian-judge-adjourns-binance-tax-evasion-case-to-may-12/",
"note": "Reports the tax claim and adjournment and Binance's stated position. It is not a court record."
},
{
"source_id": "binance-s5",
"organization_id": "binance",
"issuer": "Associated Press, via ABC News (Chinedu Asadu and Eric Tucker)",
"title": "Nigeria releases American crypto executive after dropping money laundering case",
"date": "24 October 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/nigeria-releases-american-crypto-executive-after-dropping-money-115110040",
"note": "Reports the withdrawal of charges against the executive and the remaining tax case. It is not a court record."
},
{
"source_id": "binance-s6",
"organization_id": "binance",
"issuer": "Premium Times (News Agency of Nigeria report)",
"title": "Court adjourns tax evasion suit against Binance",
"date": "9 July 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/894090-court-adjourns-tax-evasion-suit-against-binance.html",
"note": "Agency report on the July 2026 adjournment for settlement talks and the separate EFCC and tax authority cases. No reporter is named. The cases it describes are corroborated by AP and Reuters."
},
{
"source_id": "celsius-network-s1",
"organization_id": "celsius-network",
"issuer": "US Attorney's Office, Southern District of New York",
"title": "Founder Of Celsius Sentenced To 12 Years For Fraud And Market Manipulation",
"date": "8 May 2025",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/founder-celsius-sentenced-12-years-fraud-and-market-manipulation",
"note": "Supports the 12-year sentence, the counts and the forfeiture. It does not resolve the later motion to vacate."
},
{
"source_id": "celsius-network-s2",
"organization_id": "celsius-network",
"issuer": "US Attorney's Office, Southern District of New York",
"title": "Celsius Founder And Former CEO Alexander Mashinsky Pleads Guilty To Multi-Billion Dollar Fraud And Market Manipulation Schemes",
"date": "3 December 2024",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/celsius-founder-and-former-ceo-alexander-mashinsky-pleads-guilty-multi-billion-dollar",
"note": "Supports the guilty plea to commodities fraud and securities fraud and the CEL price support using customer money."
},
{
"source_id": "celsius-network-s3",
"organization_id": "celsius-network",
"issuer": "US Attorney's Office, Southern District of New York",
"title": "Celsius Founder And Former Chief Revenue Officer Charged In Connection With Multibillion-Dollar Fraud And Market Manipulation Schemes",
"date": "13 July 2023",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/celsius-founder-and-former-chief-revenue-officer-charged-connection-multibillion",
"note": "Sets out the seven original counts and quotes internal messages on CEL. These were allegations at the time of charging."
},
{
"source_id": "celsius-network-s4",
"organization_id": "celsius-network",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "Celsius Network Limited and Alexander \"Alex\" Mashinsky",
"date": "14 July 2023",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-25779",
"note": "Litigation release on the SEC civil complaint. Supports the buyback allegations. Celsius consented. Mashinsky's resolution is not stated."
},
{
"source_id": "celsius-network-s5",
"organization_id": "celsius-network",
"issuer": "US Commodity Futures Trading Commission",
"title": "CFTC Charges Alexander Mashinsky and Celsius Network, LLC with Fraud and Material Misrepresentations in Massive Commodity Pool Scheme Involving Digital Asset Commodities",
"date": "13 July 2023",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8749-23",
"note": "Supports the safety misrepresentation allegation and the collapse. The charges were civil allegations at this date."
},
{
"source_id": "celsius-network-s6",
"organization_id": "celsius-network",
"issuer": "US Federal Trade Commission",
"title": "Founders of Celsius Network Ordered to Pay $16.5 Million to Resolve FTC Charges",
"date": "20 July 2026",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2026/07/founders-celsius-network-ordered-pay-165-million-resolve-ftc-charges",
"note": "Supports the deceptive marketing allegations and the US$16.5 million orders and bans. The orders are stipulated, not contested findings."
},
{
"source_id": "celsius-network-s7",
"organization_id": "celsius-network",
"issuer": "Celsius Network",
"title": "Celsius Distribution FAQ",
"date": "27 March 2024",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://celsiusnetwork.medium.com/celsius-distribution-faq-1cdd323251ef",
"note": "Company statement giving the Chapter 11 exit date of 31 January 2024. It does not state a final total recovery for creditors."
},
{
"source_id": "celsius-network-s8",
"organization_id": "celsius-network",
"issuer": "Cointelegraph",
"title": "Celsius founder Alex Mashinsky files motion to vacate sentence",
"date": "29 May 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://cointelegraph.com/news/celsius-alex-mashinsky-motion-vacate-sentence",
"note": "Reports Mashinsky's motion to vacate on ineffective counsel grounds. Used for the collateral challenge, not for the underlying conviction."
},
{
"source_id": "celsius-network-s9",
"organization_id": "celsius-network",
"issuer": "Cointelegraph",
"title": "Federal prosecutors blast ex-Celsius CEO's motion to vacate as 'without merit'",
"date": "18 August 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://cointelegraph.com/news/us-prosecutors-celsius-ceo-alex-mashinsky-motion-vacate-deny",
"note": "Reports the prosecutors' opposition filing of 14 August 2026 and that the judge had not yet ruled. Press source for the current procedural state."
},
{
"source_id": "evergrande-s1",
"organization_id": "evergrande",
"issuer": "China Securities Regulatory Commission",
"title": "证监会对恒大地产债券欺诈发行及信息披露违法案作出处罚决定",
"date": "31 May 2024",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.csrc.gov.cn/csrc/c100200/c7506328/content.shtml",
"note": "Supports the finding of early revenue recognition in 2019 and 2020 and the penalties. It does not give yearly amounts in the passages read."
},
{
"source_id": "evergrande-s2",
"organization_id": "evergrande",
"issuer": "China Evergrande Group (In Liquidation)",
"title": "(1) DECISION OF THE LISTING COMMITTEE (2) LIQUIDATORS' PROGRESS REPORT AND (3) CONTINUED SUSPENSION OF TRADING",
"date": "12 August 2025",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2025/0812/2025081201148.pdf",
"note": "Supports the winding-up order date, delisting date, claims of about US$45 billion and realisations to date. Figures are provisional."
},
{
"source_id": "evergrande-s3",
"organization_id": "evergrande",
"issuer": "CNN (Laura He), syndicated by abc17news.com",
"title": "Biggest fraud in Chinese history? Beijing accuses Evergrande of inflating revenues by $78 billion",
"date": "19 March 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://abc17news.com/money/cnn-business-consumer/2024/03/19/biggest-fraud-in-chinese-history-beijing-accuses-evergrande-of-inflating-revenues-by-78-billion/",
"note": "Reports yearly amounts attributed to the regulator and the ranking language. It does not name the record behind the ranking."
},
{
"source_id": "evergrande-s4",
"organization_id": "evergrande",
"issuer": "Associated Press (Chan Ho-him), via ABC News",
"title": "China Evergrande liquidators seek $8.4B from accounting firm PwC in Hong Kong lawsuit",
"date": "18 May 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://abcnews.com/Business/wireStory/china-evergrande-liquidators-seek-84b-pwc-hong-kong-133063771",
"note": "Supports the pending liquidators' claim against PwC and earlier PwC fines. No court decision is reported."
},
{
"source_id": "evergrande-s5",
"organization_id": "evergrande",
"issuer": "Reuters, via The Standard",
"title": "From default to delisting of Evergrande, world's most indebted developer",
"date": "25 August 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.thestandard.com.hk/finance/article/309858/From-default-to-delisting-of-Evergrande-worlds-most-indebted-developer",
"note": "Reuters timeline with no named reporter, supporting the March 2023 plan and its deferral. Not a primary record."
},
{
"source_id": "credit-suisse-s1",
"organization_id": "credit-suisse",
"issuer": "US Attorney's Office, Eastern District of New York",
"title": "Credit Suisse Resolves Fraudulent Mozambique Loan Case in $547 Million Coordinated Global Resolution",
"date": "19 October 2021",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-edny/pr/credit-suisse-resolves-fraudulent-mozambique-loan-case-547-million-coordinated-global",
"note": "Supports the DPA, the UK unit's plea, the US$547 million total and the kickback figure. It does not state the SEC and FCA amounts separately."
},
{
"source_id": "credit-suisse-s2",
"organization_id": "credit-suisse",
"issuer": "High Court of Justice, Commercial Court (National Archives)",
"title": "The Republic of Mozambique (acting through its Attorney General) v Credit Suisse International and others [2024] EWHC 1957 (Comm)",
"date": "29 July 2024",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ewhc/comm/2024/1957",
"note": "Records the eve of trial settlement and the three borrowers. We did not read its final orders on other parties."
},
{
"source_id": "credit-suisse-s3",
"organization_id": "credit-suisse",
"issuer": "UBS Group AG (Form 6-K filed with the SEC)",
"title": "UBS completes Credit Suisse acquisition",
"date": "12 June 2023",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1610520/000161052023000096/newsrelease6k20230612.htm",
"note": "Supports the merger of Credit Suisse Group AG into UBS Group AG. It does not address the DPA."
},
{
"source_id": "credit-suisse-s4",
"organization_id": "credit-suisse",
"issuer": "UBS Group AG (Form 20-F filed with the SEC)",
"title": "Litigation, regulatory and similar matters",
"date": "9 March 2026",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1610520/000161052026000023/R31.htm",
"note": "UBS annual report note for 2025. Supports the three-year DPA and its extension to January 2026. It does not say the DPA has ended."
},
{
"source_id": "credit-suisse-s5",
"organization_id": "credit-suisse",
"issuer": "UBS Group AG (Form 6-K filed with the SEC)",
"title": "Litigation, regulatory and similar matters",
"date": "29 July 2026",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1610520/000161052026000082/R25.htm",
"note": "UBS report for the quarter to 30 June 2026. Supports the Swiss charges filed in November 2025, their April 2026 dismissal and the appeal. It does not mention the DPA."
},
{
"source_id": "danske-bank-s1",
"organization_id": "danske-bank",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs",
"title": "Danske Bank Pleads Guilty to Fraud on U.S. Banks in Multi-Billion Dollar Scheme to Access the U.S. Financial System",
"date": "13 December 2022",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/danske-bank-pleads-guilty-fraud-us-banks-multi-billion-dollar-scheme-access-us-financial",
"note": "Supports the guilty plea, the forfeiture amount and the US$160 billion processed through US banks. It does not give a laundered total."
},
{
"source_id": "danske-bank-s2",
"organization_id": "danske-bank",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "SEC Charges Danske Bank with Fraud for Misleading Investors about Its Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Failures in Estonia",
"date": "13 December 2022",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2022-220",
"note": "Supports the US$413 million SEC settlement. It is a settlement by consent and not a court finding."
},
{
"source_id": "danske-bank-s3",
"organization_id": "danske-bank",
"issuer": "Danske Bank A/S",
"title": "Findings of the investigations relating to Danske Bank's branch in Estonia",
"date": "19 September 2018",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://danskebank.com/news-and-insights/news-archive/press-releases/2018/pr19092018",
"note": "Bank summary of its commissioned investigation. Supports the EUR 200 billion total flow and the absence of a suspicious estimate."
},
{
"source_id": "danske-bank-s4",
"organization_id": "danske-bank",
"issuer": "Al Jazeera (Charlotte Mitchell)",
"title": "Danske Bank money laundering: Europe's 'biggest scandal'",
"date": "16 October 2018",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2018/10/16/danske-bank-money-laundering-europes-biggest-scandal",
"note": "Origin of the wording that EUR 200 billion was suspicious. It does not cite a record fixing that amount as suspicious."
},
{
"source_id": "danske-bank-s5",
"organization_id": "danske-bank",
"issuer": "Danske Bank A/S",
"title": "Danske Bank reaches coordinated resolutions with the US and Danish authorities regarding the Estonia matter",
"date": "13 December 2022",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://danskebank.com/news-and-insights/news-archive/company-announcements/2022/ca13122022",
"note": "Supports the aggregate US$2.06 billion, the Danish fine and confiscation, and the close of the investigations as to the bank."
},
{
"source_id": "danske-bank-s6",
"organization_id": "danske-bank",
"issuer": "Danske Bank A/S",
"title": "Danske Bank confirms conclusion of US Department of Justice probation",
"date": "15 December 2025",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://danskebank.com/news-and-insights/news-archive/company-announcements/2025/ca15122025",
"note": "Supports the end of the US probation. It is a company statement, not a DOJ record."
},
{
"source_id": "danske-bank-s7",
"organization_id": "danske-bank",
"issuer": "Dow Jones Newswires (Dominic Chopping), via Morningstar",
"title": "Danske Bank Completes U.S. Justice Department Probation Period",
"date": "15 December 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.morningstar.com/news/dow-jones/20251215569/danske-bank-completes-us-justice-department-probation-period",
"note": "Reports the end of the probation on the bank's announcement. It quotes no DOJ or court record."
},
{
"source_id": "eni-s1",
"organization_id": "eni",
"issuer": "Eni S.p.A.",
"title": "Eni: unmotivated and disconcerting Nigeria judicial case ended",
"date": "19 July 2022",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://eni.com/en-IT/media/press-release/2022/07/unmotivated-and-disconcerting-nigeria-judicial-case-ended.html",
"note": "Company account that the prosecutors' appeal was dropped and the acquittals became final. It is not the court order itself."
},
{
"source_id": "eni-s2",
"organization_id": "eni",
"issuer": "The African Mirror (Emilio Parodi, citing Reuters)",
"title": "Italy prosecutors abandon $1.3 billion Eni Nigeria graft appeal",
"date": "20 July 2022",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://theafricanmirror.africa/news/italy-prosecutors-abandon-1-3-billion-eni-nigeria-graft-appeal/",
"note": "Reuters-sourced report that prosecutors dropped the criminal appeal, which makes the acquittals final, and that Nigeria's civil claim continued. It does not cover the two intermediaries. It replaces an undated Energy Voice page with no headline shown."
},
{
"source_id": "eni-s3",
"organization_id": "eni",
"issuer": "Courthouse News Service (Cain Burdeau)",
"title": "Shell, Eni Acquitted in Massive Corruption Trial",
"date": "March 2021",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.courthousenews.com/shell-eni-acquitted-in-massive-corruption-trial/",
"note": "Reports the Milan acquittal on a Wednesday and the September 2018 sentences of two intermediaries. The page shows no date. It does not give the court's reasons."
},
{
"source_id": "eni-s4",
"organization_id": "eni",
"issuer": "Global Witness",
"title": "Acquittal of Shell and Eni in corruption trial “a stain on Italy”",
"date": "17 March 2021",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "D",
"url": "https://globalwitness.org/en/press-releases/acquittal-of-shell-and-eni-in-corruption-trial-a-stain-on-italy",
"note": "Campaign group statement that restates the prosecutor's bribery allegation and cites the intermediaries' convictions. It is advocacy, not a finding."
},
{
"source_id": "eni-s5",
"organization_id": "eni",
"issuer": "World Oil (Bloomberg, Alberto Brambilla and William Clowes)",
"title": "Nigeria withdraws $1 billion claim against Eni on oil field deal",
"date": "16 November 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://worldoil.com/news/2023/11/16/nigeria-withdraws-1-billion-claim-against-eni-on-oil-field-deal/",
"note": "Reports a Nigerian letter waiving civil claims in Italy against Eni. It does not cover Nigeria's London claim."
},
{
"source_id": "eni-s6",
"organization_id": "eni",
"issuer": "Eni S.p.A.",
"title": "Eni: Congo investigation, the company adheres to the hypothesis of agreed sanctions submitted by the Public Prosecutor",
"date": "18 March 2021",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://eni.com/en-IT/media/press-release/2021/03/eni-congo-investigation-sanctions-submitted-public-prosecutor.html",
"note": "Company account of the reduced charge and the EUR 11.8 million agreed sanction. It is not the court decision."
},
{
"source_id": "eni-s7",
"organization_id": "eni",
"issuer": "Sweetcrude Reports (Reuters, Alfredo Faieta and Stephen Jewkes)",
"title": "Italian judge accepts Eni request to settle Congo Republic oil probe",
"date": "28 March 2021",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://sweetcrudereports.com/italian-judge-accepts-eni-request-to-settle-congo-republic-oil-probe",
"note": "Reuters report that a judge accepted the settlement and the charge was lowered. It does not give the exact decision date."
},
{
"source_id": "eni-s8",
"organization_id": "eni",
"issuer": "TheCable (Nigeria)",
"title": "OPL 245: Italian court overturns Emeka Obi's four-year jail sentence",
"date": "Not shown on the page",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://thecable.ng/opl-254-italian-court-overturns-emeka-obis-four-year-jail-sentence",
"note": "Reports that an Italian appeal court overturned the jail sentences of the two intermediaries on a Thursday. The page shows no date or byline, so the date of the reversal is not confirmed."
},
{
"source_id": "eni-s9",
"organization_id": "eni",
"issuer": "Sweetcrude Reports (citing Reuters)",
"title": "Italy Court acquits Eni, Shell in $1.3bn Nigeria graft case",
"date": "19 July 2022",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://sweetcrudereports.com/italy-court-acquits-eni-shell-in-1-3bn-nigeria-graft-case",
"note": "Reuters-attributed report that the appeal court's step finalised the acquittal of Eni and Shell and that civil proceedings would continue. No reporter is credited."
},
{
"source_id": "eni-s10",
"organization_id": "eni",
"issuer": "World Oil (Bloomberg, Ellen Milligan)",
"title": "UK dismisses Nigeria's $1 billion bribery lawsuit against Shell, Eni",
"date": "22 May 2020",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://worldoil.com/news/2020/5/22/uk-dismisses-nigeria-s-1-billion-bribery-lawsuit-against-shell-eni/",
"note": "Reports that a London judge ruled England had no jurisdiction over Nigeria's claim against Shell and Eni, and that Nigeria would seek permission to appeal. It does not name the judge."
},
{
"source_id": "eni-s11",
"organization_id": "eni",
"issuer": "Eni S.p.A.",
"title": "The President of Nigeria Bola Tinubu meets Eni CEO Claudio Descalzi",
"date": "5 March 2026",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.eni.com/en-IT/media/press-release/2026/03/president-of-nigeria-bola-tinubuu-meets-eni-ceo-claudio-descalzi.html",
"note": "Company account of an agreement with the Federal Government of Nigeria that settles all claims related to OPL 245 and discontinues Eni's ICSID arbitration. It does not mention Shell's claims or the London case."
},
{
"source_id": "enron-s1",
"organization_id": "enron",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Federal Jury Convicts Former Enron Chief Executives Ken Lay, Jeff Skilling On Fraud, Conspiracy And Related Charges",
"date": "25 May 2006",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/archive/opa/pr/2006/May/06_crm_328.html",
"note": "Supports the jury convictions of Skilling on 19 of 28 counts and Lay on all six trial counts. It does not cover later appeals or the vacatur of Lay's conviction."
},
{
"source_id": "enron-s2",
"organization_id": "enron",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Former Enron Chief Executive Officer Jeffrey Skilling Sentenced to More Than 24 Years in Prison on Fraud, Conspiracy Charges",
"date": "23 October 2006",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/archive/opa/pr/2006/October/06_crm_723.html",
"note": "Supports the original sentence of 24 years and four months and a forfeiture order. It predates the later resentencing."
},
{
"source_id": "enron-s3",
"organization_id": "enron",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Former Enron CEO Jeffrey Skilling Resentenced to 168 Months for Fraud, Conspiracy Charges",
"date": "21 June 2013",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/former-enron-ceo-jeffrey-skilling-resentenced-168-months-fraud-conspiracy-charges",
"note": "Supports the resentencing to 168 months, the forfeiture of about $42 million and that the Fifth Circuit affirmed the convictions but vacated the first sentence."
},
{
"source_id": "enron-s4",
"organization_id": "enron",
"issuer": "US District Court for the Southern District of Texas",
"title": "United States of America v. Kenneth L. Lay, Memorandum and Order (Cr. No. H-04-0025)",
"date": "17 October 2006",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.txs.uscourts.gov/sites/txs/files/laydismissal.pdf",
"note": "Supports the vacatur of Lay's conviction and dismissal of the indictment under the abatement rule after his death. It is the primary court order on abatement."
},
{
"source_id": "enron-s5",
"organization_id": "enron",
"issuer": "Supreme Court of the United States",
"title": "Skilling v. United States, 561 U.S. 358 (No. 08-1394)",
"date": "24 June 2010",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/561/358/",
"note": "Supports the holding that the honest-services statute reaches only bribery and kickback schemes and that the judgment was affirmed in part, vacated in part and remanded. It did not reverse the convictions."
},
{
"source_id": "enron-s6",
"organization_id": "enron",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "SEC Charges Kenneth L. Lay, Enron's Former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, with Fraud and Insider Trading",
"date": "8 July 2004",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press/2004-94.htm",
"note": "Supports the SEC civil charges against Lay and the alleged stock sales over $90 million. These are allegations, not findings."
},
{
"source_id": "enron-s7",
"organization_id": "enron",
"issuer": "Associated Press via Fox News",
"title": "Ex-Enron CEO Jeffrey Skilling released from federal custody",
"date": "21 February 2019",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.foxnews.com/us/ex-enron-ceo-jeffrey-skilling-released-from-federal-custody",
"note": "Reports that Skilling left federal custody on 21 February 2019 after 12 years in prison and six months in a halfway house. Used for the release date only."
},
{
"source_id": "enron-s8",
"organization_id": "enron",
"issuer": "JURIST",
"title": "Ex-Enron CEO declares innocence, vows to fight charges 'until the day I die'",
"date": "April 2006",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.jurist.org/news/2006/04/ex-enron-ceo-declares-innocence-vows/",
"note": "Reports Skilling's trial testimony that he was absolutely innocent. It records his denial, not any finding."
},
{
"source_id": "ey-germany-s1",
"organization_id": "ey-germany",
"issuer": "Financial Times, republished by The Irish Times",
"title": "German audit watchdog bans EY over Wirecard work",
"date": "3 April 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://irishtimes.com/business/2023/04/03/german-audit-watchdog-bans-ey-over-wirecard-work",
"note": "Report by Olaf Storbeck based on people familiar with the matter. Supports the ban and fines but predates the formal decisions."
},
{
"source_id": "ey-germany-s2",
"organization_id": "ey-germany",
"issuer": "Legal Tribune Online",
"title": "Geldbußen und Einschränkungen bei neuen Mandaten: Apas sanktioniert EY nach Wirecard-Skandal",
"date": "3 April 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.lto.de/recht/kanzleien-unternehmen/k/wirecard-apas-sanktionen-wettbewerbsverbot-neumandate-geldbussen-ey",
"note": "Legal news report using dpa material. Supports the findings for fiscal years 2016 to 2018, the EUR 500,000 fine and EY's response."
},
{
"source_id": "ey-germany-s3",
"organization_id": "ey-germany",
"issuer": "ChannelPartner",
"title": "Keine Rechtsmittel gegen Sanktionen: EY akzeptiert Strafen für Fehler bei Wirecard",
"date": "27 March 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.channelpartner.de/article/3904956/ey-akzeptiert-strafen-fuer-fehler-bei-wirecard.html",
"note": "Trade report with no byline quoting an EY spokesperson. Finality is EY's statement, not a confirmed legal status."
},
{
"source_id": "ey-germany-s4",
"organization_id": "ey-germany",
"issuer": "Bayerisches Oberstes Landesgericht",
"title": "Teil-Musterentscheid im Wirecard-KapMuG-Verfahren vom 28. Februar 2025",
"date": "28 February 2025",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justiz.bayern.de/gerichte-und-behoerden/bayerisches-oberstes-landesgericht/presse/2025/1.php",
"note": "Court press release 1 of 2025 on the partial model decision, file 101 Kap 1/22. It does not decide liability and predates the federal appeal."
},
{
"source_id": "ey-germany-s5",
"organization_id": "ey-germany",
"issuer": "ANSA, carrying AFP",
"title": "Accused of 'elaborate fraud', Wirecard files for insolvency",
"date": "25 June 2020",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.ansa.it/nuova_europa/en/news/sections/news/2020/06/25/accused-of-elaborate-fraud-wirecard-files-for-insolvency_a4a1b0fc-056e-4976-881e-4cf0cd64eb7c.html",
"note": "Wire report quoting EY's June 2020 statement. It records EY's position, not a finding."
},
{
"source_id": "ey-germany-s6",
"organization_id": "ey-germany",
"issuer": "BondGuide",
"title": "BGH beendet Musterverfahren gegen EY im Fall Wirecard",
"date": "23 October 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.bondguide.de/topnews/bgh-beendet-musterverfahren-gegen-ey-im-fall-wirecard/",
"note": "Report by Falko Bozicevic on the Federal Court of Justice ruling. It gives no decision date or file number."
},
{
"source_id": "ey-germany-s7",
"organization_id": "ey-germany",
"issuer": "Schirp Schmidt-Morsbach Rechtsanwälte PartG mbB via EQS News on onvista",
"title": "Anlegerklagen in Sachen Wirecard: BGH entlässt EY aus dem Musterverfahren Die Anwälte des Musterklägers begrüßen die Entscheidung",
"date": "23 October 2026",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.onvista.de/news/2026/10-23-eqs-news-schirp-schmidt-morsbach-rechtsanwaelte-partg-mbb-anlegerklagen-in-sachen-wirecard-bgh-entlaesst-ey-aus-dem-musterverfahren-die-anwaelte-des-musterklaegers-begruessen-die-entscheidung-0-37-26567585",
"note": "Statement by the model claimant's lawyers, a party view. Supports the end of the model case and their plan to resume individual suits."
},
{
"source_id": "ey-germany-s8",
"organization_id": "ey-germany",
"issuer": "Verlag Dr. Otto Schmidt",
"title": "Berufsaufsichtsverfahren der Abschlussprüfer in Sachen Wirecard: APAS verhängt Sanktionen gegen Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft EY",
"date": "4 April 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.otto-schmidt.de/news/wirtschaftsrecht/berufsaufsichtsverfahren-der-abschlussprufer-in-sachen-wirecard-apas-verhangt-sanktionen-gegen-wirtschaftsprufungsgesellschaft-ey-2023-04-04.html",
"note": "Legal publisher's report citing the APAS press release of 3 April 2023, with no byline. Supports the decision date and the ban terms. The APAS original was not reachable."
},
{
"source_id": "fast-retailing-s1",
"organization_id": "fast-retailing",
"issuer": "Bloomberg (via BloombergQuint)",
"title": "U.S. Blocked Uniqlo Shirts on Xinjiang Forced-Labor Concerns",
"date": "Not shown. Cites a CBP ruling of 10 May 2021",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.bloombergquint.com/politics/u-s-blocked-uniqlo-shirts-on-xinjiang-forced-labor-concerns",
"note": "Reports the detention, the CBP reasoning and the company response. It does not show a ruling number or a byline."
},
{
"source_id": "fast-retailing-s2",
"organization_id": "fast-retailing",
"issuer": "Reuters (via Nippon.com)",
"title": "France probes fashion retailers for concealing 'crimes against humanity' in Xinjiang",
"date": "2 July 2021",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.nippon.com/en/news/reu20210702KCN2E75HL/",
"note": "Report by Benoit Van Overstraeten on the inquiry opening and the Fast Retailing statement. Its status was overtaken in 2023."
},
{
"source_id": "fast-retailing-s3",
"organization_id": "fast-retailing",
"issuer": "JusticeInfo.net (AFP)",
"title": "France drops fashion group probe over Uyghur labour",
"date": "4 May 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.justiceinfo.net/en?p=116398",
"note": "Reports the April 2023 closure for lack of jurisdiction. It is not a finding on the facts."
},
{
"source_id": "fast-retailing-s4",
"organization_id": "fast-retailing",
"issuer": "JusticeInfo.net (AFP)",
"title": "Fashion groups face new Uyghur forced labour complaint in France",
"date": "17 May 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://justiceinfo.net/en?p=116946",
"note": "Reports the new complaint and company denials. It does not report any judicial step after filing."
},
{
"source_id": "fast-retailing-s5",
"organization_id": "fast-retailing",
"issuer": "Business and Human Rights Resource Centre (Libération with AFP)",
"title": "France: NGOs ask investigating judge to open judicial investigation to clarify responsibilities of multinational garment companies allegedly profiting from Uyghurs forced labour",
"date": "17 May 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.bhrrc.org/tr/en-son-haberler/france-investigating-judge-to-examine-connection-between-fashion-groups-and-uyghur-forced-labour/",
"note": "Reproduces an AFP report naming Uniqlo France and quoting Fast Retailing. It does not establish any supply chain fact."
},
{
"source_id": "fast-retailing-s6",
"organization_id": "fast-retailing",
"issuer": "FashionUnited (AFP)",
"title": "Travail forcé des Ouïghours : une plainte en France déclarée irrecevable mais une autre bientôt déposée",
"date": "6 February 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://fashionunited.fr/actualite/business/travail-force-des-ouighours-une-plainte-en-france-declaree-irrecevable-mais-une-autre-bientot-deposee/2025020637187",
"note": "AFP report with no named reporter. It says the Paris appeal court's investigation chamber confirmed a May 2024 order of lack of competence and refusal to investigate, and that a new complaint was planned. It does not give the court's reasons."
},
{
"source_id": "ftx-s1",
"organization_id": "ftx",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs",
"title": "Samuel Bankman-Fried Sentenced to 25 Years for His Orchestration of Multiple Fraudulent Schemes",
"date": "28 March 2024",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/samuel-bankman-fried-sentenced-25-years-his-orchestration-multiple-fraudulent-schemes",
"note": "Supports the counts of conviction, the sentence, forfeiture and the false statements on customer deposits."
},
{
"source_id": "ftx-s2",
"organization_id": "ftx",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "SEC Charges Samuel Bankman-Fried with Defrauding Investors in Crypto Asset Trading Platform FTX",
"date": "13 December 2022",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2022-219",
"note": "Sets out SEC allegations of diverted customer funds. A complaint is an allegation, not a finding."
},
{
"source_id": "ftx-s3",
"organization_id": "ftx",
"issuer": "Bloomberg Law (Bob Van Voris and Ava Benny-Morrison)",
"title": "Sam Bankman-Fried Loses Appeal of Conviction for FTX Fraud (1)",
"date": "12 June 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://news.bloomberglaw.com/white-collar-and-criminal-law/sam-bankman-fried-loses-appeal-of-fraud-conviction",
"note": "Reports the Second Circuit panel ruling and possible further steps. The opinion itself was not read."
},
{
"source_id": "ftx-s4",
"organization_id": "ftx",
"issuer": "FTX Trading Ltd. and FTX Recovery Trust, via PR Newswire",
"title": "FTX Recovery Trust to Distribute Approximately $2.2 Billion to Creditors in Fourth Distribution on March 31, 2026",
"date": "18 March 2026",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://lifestyle.kbew98country.com/story/122645/ftx-recovery-trust-to-distribute-approximately-22-billion-to-creditors-in-fourth-distribution-on-march-31-2026/",
"note": "Supports cumulative distribution percentages by class. Percentages are of allowed claims under the plan."
},
{
"source_id": "ftx-s5",
"organization_id": "ftx",
"issuer": "CNN Business (Allison Morrow), via KVIA",
"title": "Customers who trusted crypto giant FTX may be left with nothing",
"date": "14 November 2022",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://kvia.com/news/2022/11/14/customers-who-trusted-crypto-giant-ftx-may-be-left-with-nothing-2/",
"note": "Origin of the forecast of a zero recovery, based on expert comment at the time."
},
{
"source_id": "ftx-s6",
"organization_id": "ftx",
"issuer": "Supreme Court of the United States",
"title": "Docket No. 26-349, Samuel Bankman-Fried, Petitioner v. United States",
"date": "23 October 2026",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/26-349.html",
"note": "Official docket. Gives the Second Circuit case number 24-961, its judgment date of 12 June 2026, and the pending certiorari petition. The date is when the page was generated."
},
{
"source_id": "ftx-s7",
"organization_id": "ftx",
"issuer": "US Attorney's Office, Southern District of New York",
"title": "Statement Of U.S. Attorney Damian Williams On The Conviction Of Samuel Bankman-Fried",
"date": "2 November 2023",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/statement-us-attorney-damian-williams-conviction-samuel-bankman-fried",
"note": "Prosecutor statement on the day of the jury verdict. Fixes the conviction date. It does not list the counts."
},
{
"source_id": "galleon-group-s1",
"organization_id": "galleon-group",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "SEC Charges Billionaire Hedge Fund Manager Raj Rajaratnam with Insider Trading",
"date": "16 October 2009",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://sec.gov/news/press/2009/2009-221.htm",
"note": "Supports the SEC charges and the more than US$25 million illicit gains figure. It is an allegation, not a finding."
},
{
"source_id": "galleon-group-s2",
"organization_id": "galleon-group",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "SEC v. Galleon Management, LP, et al., Litigation Release No. 21255",
"date": "16 October 2009",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/litigation/litreleases/2009/lr21255.htm",
"note": "Supports the case caption, the Southern District of New York court and case number 09-CV-8811 (JSR). It states allegations only."
},
{
"source_id": "galleon-group-s3",
"organization_id": "galleon-group",
"issuer": "US Attorney's Office, Southern District of New York",
"title": "Galleon Management Founder Raj Rajaratnam Sentenced in Manhattan Federal Court to 11 Years in Prison for Insider Trading",
"date": "13 October 2011",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://justice.gov/archive/usao/nys/pressreleases/October11/rajaratnamrajsentencingpr.pdf",
"note": "Supports the 11 May 2011 conviction on all 14 counts, the 11 year sentence, the US$10 million fine and the US$53,816,434 forfeiture. Names Judge Holwell."
},
{
"source_id": "galleon-group-s4",
"organization_id": "galleon-group",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "SEC Obtains Record $92.8 Million Penalty Against Raj Rajaratnam",
"date": "8 November 2011",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press/2011/2011-233.htm",
"note": "Supports the US$92.8 million civil penalty, Judge Rakoff, the 8 November 2011 date and the SEC's own largest ever characterization. The record claim is the SEC's own wording."
},
{
"source_id": "galleon-group-s5",
"organization_id": "galleon-group",
"issuer": "US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit",
"title": "United States v. Rajaratnam",
"date": "24 June 2013",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca2/11-4416/11-4416-2013-06-24.html",
"note": "Supports the affirmance of the conviction and the rejection of the wiretap challenge under the Franks framework. Read through a court report page."
},
{
"source_id": "galleon-group-s6",
"organization_id": "galleon-group",
"issuer": "Bloomberg",
"title": "Galleon's Raj Rajaratnam Is Released From Prison Two Years Early",
"date": "6 September 2019",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-09-06/galleon-s-rajaratnam-free-from-prison-after-almost-eight-years",
"note": "Supports the summer 2019 release to home confinement. Used for the current status of the sentence only."
},
{
"source_id": "galleon-group-s7",
"organization_id": "galleon-group",
"issuer": "Business Standard (Bloomberg)",
"title": "Galleon said to have liquidated more than 90% of investments",
"date": "29 October 2009",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.business-standard.com/amp/article/companies/galleon-said-to-have-liquidated-more-than-90-of-investments-109102900058_1.html",
"note": "Supports the October 2009 liquidation of Galleon's funds and the plan to return investor money, and reports Rajaratnam said he is innocent. Used for colour and the denial."
},
{
"source_id": "glencore-s1",
"organization_id": "glencore",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs",
"title": "Glencore Entered Guilty Pleas to Foreign Bribery and Market Manipulation Schemes",
"date": "24 May 2022",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/glencore-entered-guilty-pleas-foreign-bribery-and-market-manipulation-schemes",
"note": "Supports the two US guilty pleas, the countries, the amount and the three-year monitors. It does not state the Brazil resolution amount or when the monitorships ended."
},
{
"source_id": "glencore-s2",
"organization_id": "glencore",
"issuer": "Courts and Tribunals Judiciary, Southwark Crown Court",
"title": "Sentencing Remarks Glencore",
"date": "3 November 2022",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Sentencing-Remarks-Glencore.pdf",
"note": "Supports the pleas, counts, countries and financial orders. It does not address later cases against individuals."
},
{
"source_id": "glencore-s3",
"organization_id": "glencore",
"issuer": "Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland",
"title": "Office of the Attorney General closes its criminal investigation against Glencore International AG with a summary penalty order and an abandonment order",
"date": "5 August 2024",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.bundesanwaltschaft.ch/en/nsb?id=101995",
"note": "Supports the summary penalty order, the fine and the compensation claim. It does not say whether the order can be appealed."
},
{
"source_id": "glencore-s4",
"organization_id": "glencore",
"issuer": "Glencore",
"title": "Swiss and Dutch investigations resolved",
"date": "5 August 2024",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.glencore.com/media-and-insights/news/swiss-and-dutch-investigations-resolved",
"note": "Company statement that it will not appeal the Swiss order and that the Dutch case was dismissed. Attributed to Glencore only."
},
{
"source_id": "grifols-s1",
"organization_id": "grifols",
"issuer": "Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores, letter filed by Grifols on SEC Form 6-K",
"title": "FORM 6-K",
"date": "21 March 2024",
"type": "Regulator order",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1438569/000110465924037430/tm247743d7_6k.htm",
"note": "CNMV conclusions of its review. Supports no significant errors, relevant deficiencies and the fifteen-day disclosure orders. It does not rule on Gotham's report."
},
{
"source_id": "grifols-s2",
"organization_id": "grifols",
"issuer": "Grifols, S.A.",
"title": "The CNMV confirms Grifols' financial statements and indebtedness",
"date": "21 March 2024",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.grifols.com/view-news/-/news/the-cnmv-confirms-grifols-financial-statements-and-indebtedness",
"note": "Company reading of the CNMV review. It frames the deficiencies as areas for improvement."
},
{
"source_id": "grifols-s3",
"organization_id": "grifols",
"issuer": "The Objective (Lidia Ramírez)",
"title": "La CNMV ve «deficiencias relevantes» en las cuentas de Grifols",
"date": "21 March 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://theobjective.com/economia/2024-03-21/cnmv-deficiencias-relevantes-cuentas-grifols/",
"note": "Reports the CNMV deficiencies and fifteen-day requirements. It does not report a sanction proceeding."
},
{
"source_id": "grifols-s4",
"organization_id": "grifols",
"issuer": "Investing.com (Scott Kanowsky)",
"title": "Spain's Grifols slumps after short-seller accuses healthcare group of fraud",
"date": "9 January 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://investing.com/news/stock-market-news/spains-grifols-slumps-after-shortseller-accuses-healthcare-group-of-fraud-3270408",
"note": "Summarises the Gotham allegations on the debt ratio and the consolidation of BPC Plasma and Haema, and the Grifols denial. It reports allegations only."
},
{
"source_id": "grifols-s5",
"organization_id": "grifols",
"issuer": "Forbes España",
"title": "La Audiencia Nacional cita como investigado al dueño de Gotham por difundir información engañosa sobre Grifols",
"date": "9 October 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://forbes.es/economia/811493/la-audiencia-nacional-cita-como-investigado-al-dueno-de-gotham-por-difundir-informacion-enganosa-sobre-grifols/",
"note": "Reports the open Audiencia Nacional investigation and summons. Suspect status is not a charge or finding."
},
{
"source_id": "grifols-s6",
"organization_id": "grifols",
"issuer": "Bloomberg (Clara Hernanz Lizarraga), via Bloomberg Tax",
"title": "Grifols Denies Gotham Claims as Short Seller Triggers 26% Rout",
"date": "9 January 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://news.bloombergtax.com/financial-accounting/grifols-denies-gotham-claims-as-short-seller-triggers-26-rout",
"note": "Reports the Gotham report, the share fall and the Grifols denial. Only the opening of the article could be read."
},
{
"source_id": "grifols-s7",
"organization_id": "grifols",
"issuer": "ARA",
"title": "€1.4 million fine for Grifols and its executives following Gotham accusations",
"date": "6 August 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://en.ara.cat/economy/1-4-million-fine-for-grifols-and-its-executives-following-gotham-accusations_1_5464959.html",
"note": "Reports a CNMV sanction resolution of 24 July 2025, published in the BOE on 6 August 2025, and that Grifols will appeal. The BOE text itself was not read."
},
{
"source_id": "grifols-s8",
"organization_id": "grifols",
"issuer": "Ara (Albert Rigol Baulenas)",
"title": "El 'Batman de Wall Street' tras el ataque a Grifols, citado por la Audiencia Nacional",
"date": "9 October 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://es.ara.cat/economia/farmaceuticas/batman-wall-street-ataque-grifols-citado-audiencia-nacional_1_5523461.amp.html",
"note": "Corroborates the Audiencia Nacional summons for 26 February 2026 and reports the August 2025 CNMV sanction and a May 2025 New York ruling. It does not report what happened at the hearing."
},
{
"source_id": "gunvor-s1",
"organization_id": "gunvor",
"issuer": "Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland",
"title": "Commodities trader Gunvor held criminally liable for acts of corruption",
"date": "17 October 2019",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/documentation/media-releases.msg-id-76725.html",
"note": "Supports the 2019 corporate liability and the amount. It does not state the years of conduct or whether the order was appealed."
},
{
"source_id": "gunvor-s2",
"organization_id": "gunvor",
"issuer": "US Attorney's Office, Eastern District of New York",
"title": "Gunvor S.A. Pleads Guilty to Scheme to Bribe Ecuadorian Officials and Ordered to Pay Over $600 Million in Criminal Penalties",
"date": "1 March 2024",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-edny/pr/gunvor-sa-pleads-guilty-scheme-bribe-ecuadorian-officials-and-ordered-pay-over-600",
"note": "Supports the plea, the sentence, the docket number and the factors in sentencing. It is not the plea agreement itself."
},
{
"source_id": "gunvor-s3",
"organization_id": "gunvor",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs",
"title": "Commodities Trading Company Will Pay Over $661M to Resolve Foreign Bribery Case",
"date": "1 March 2024",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/commodities-trading-company-will-pay-over-661m-resolve-foreign-bribery-case",
"note": "Supports the amounts, the Swiss parallel payment and the 2019 admission on controls. It does not detail the Swiss 2024 order."
},
{
"source_id": "gunvor-s4",
"organization_id": "gunvor",
"issuer": "The Maritime Executive",
"title": "Gunvor Pays More Than $660M in U.S. and Switzerland Settling Bribery Cases",
"date": "4 March 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/gunvor-pays-more-than-700m-in-u-s-and-switzerland-settling-bribery-cases",
"note": "Reports the chairman's statement. Its Swiss figure of about US$93 million differs from the DOJ figure of about US$98 million."
},
{
"source_id": "gunvor-s5",
"organization_id": "gunvor",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice (filed in the US District Court for the Eastern District of New York)",
"title": "Plea Agreement",
"date": "1 March 2024",
"type": "Plea agreement",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/media/1341011/dl?inline",
"note": "The plea agreement and board resolution in Case 1:24-cr-00085-ENV. It records the one-count information under 18 U.S.C. 371 and the penalty and forfeiture amounts."
},
{
"source_id": "hino-motors-s1",
"organization_id": "hino-motors",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Hino Motors, a Toyota Subsidiary, Agrees to Plead Guilty and Pay Over $1.6B to Resolve Emissions Fraud Scheme",
"date": "15 January 2025",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/hino-motors-toyota-subsidiary-agrees-plead-guilty-and-pay-over-16b-resolve-emissions-fraud",
"note": "Supports the plea agreement and the US$1.6 billion total. At the time the plea was not yet entered."
},
{
"source_id": "hino-motors-s2",
"organization_id": "hino-motors",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Court Sentences Hino Motors Ltd., a Toyota Subsidiary, and Imposes Over $1.6B in Penalties for Emissions Fraud Scheme",
"date": "19 March 2025",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/court-sentences-hino-motors-ltd-toyota-subsidiary-and-imposes-over-16b-penalties-emissions",
"note": "Supports the plea acceptance, the sentence, the probation and the conduct from 2010 to 2019. It does not cover conduct in Japan."
},
{
"source_id": "hino-motors-s3",
"organization_id": "hino-motors",
"issuer": "Reuters, republished by Cyprus Mail",
"title": "Toyota unit falsified emissions data from at least 2003, probe finds",
"date": "2 August 2022",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://cyprus-mail.com/2022/08/02/toyota-unit-falsified-emissions-data-from-at-least-2003-probe-finds",
"note": "Reuters report on the committee findings, Hino's earlier disclosure and the ministry revocation. No individual byline is shown and the committee report was not read."
},
{
"source_id": "hino-motors-s4",
"organization_id": "hino-motors",
"issuer": "Transport Topics",
"title": "Daimler Truck Completes Transfer of Mitsubishi Fuso Into Archion",
"date": "1 April 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.ttnews.com/articles/daimler-truck-archion",
"note": "Reports ARCHION's launch on 1 April 2026 and full ownership of Hino. No individual byline is shown. It does not say whether Hino's own shares were delisted."
},
{
"source_id": "hino-motors-s5",
"organization_id": "hino-motors",
"issuer": "FleetOwner",
"title": "Hino's guilty plea includes historic $1.6B penalties",
"date": "24 March 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://fleetowner.com/equipment/article/55276481/truck-maker-hino-pleads-guilty-for-years-long-diesel-engine-emissions-fraud-accepts-16b-penalty",
"note": "Article by Jeremy Wolfe quoting a Justice Department official on the number of engines. It carries no Hino statement."
},
{
"source_id": "hino-motors-s6",
"organization_id": "hino-motors",
"issuer": "Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan",
"title": "日野自動車に対する対応について",
"date": "9 September 2022",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.mlit.go.jp/report/press/jidosha08_hh_004548.html",
"note": "Ministry release on the corrective order and the start of revocation procedures for engines that failed emissions standards. The order text sits in linked appendices that were not read."
},
{
"source_id": "hino-motors-s7",
"organization_id": "hino-motors",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Energy and Natural Resources Division",
"title": "United States v. Hino Motors, Ltd.",
"date": "15 January 2025",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/enrd/case/united-states-v-hino-motors-ltd",
"note": "DOJ case page giving the docket number 2:25-CR-20016 and the case open date. It lists no court documents."
},
{
"source_id": "huawei-s1",
"organization_id": "huawei",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Chinese Telecommunications Conglomerate Huawei and Huawei CFO Wanzhou Meng Charged With Financial Fraud",
"date": "28 January 2019",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/chinese-telecommunications-conglomerate-huawei-and-huawei-cfo-wanzhou-meng-charged-financial",
"note": "Supports the 2019 charges, their status as allegations and the docket number 18-CR-457 (AMD). It does not cover the separate trade secret case or later events."
},
{
"source_id": "huawei-s2",
"organization_id": "huawei",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Chinese Telecommunications Conglomerate Huawei and Subsidiaries Charged in Racketeering Conspiracy and Conspiracy to Steal Trade Secrets",
"date": "13 February 2020",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/chinese-telecommunications-conglomerate-huawei-and-subsidiaries-charged-racketeering",
"note": "Supports the superseding indictment's RICO and trade secret counts. The charges are allegations."
},
{
"source_id": "huawei-s3",
"organization_id": "huawei",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Huawei CFO Wanzhou Meng Admits to Misleading Global Financial Institution",
"date": "24 September 2021",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/huawei-cfo-wanzhou-meng-admits-misleading-global-financial-institution",
"note": "Supports the CFO's deferred prosecution agreement and agreed statement of facts. It does not state the dismissal date."
},
{
"source_id": "huawei-s4",
"organization_id": "huawei",
"issuer": "Reuters, republished by Grainews",
"title": "U.S. judge dismisses indictment against Huawei executive",
"date": "2 December 2022",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.grainews.ca/daily/u-s-judge-dismisses-indictment-against-huawei-executive",
"note": "Report by Karen Freifeld and Jonathan Stempel on the dismissal with prejudice and Huawei's not-guilty plea. The dismissal order was not read."
},
{
"source_id": "huawei-s5",
"organization_id": "huawei",
"issuer": "South China Morning Post, republished by The Star",
"title": "Huawei goes on trial in US for racketeering after nearly decade of litigation",
"date": "10 September 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.thestar.com.my/aseanplus/aseanplus-news/2026/09/10/huawei-goes-on-trial-in-us-for-racketeering-after-nearly-decade-of-litigation",
"note": "Reports jury selection from 8 September 2026, a pre-trial filing dated 4 September 2026 dropping two counts, 12 remaining counts and Huawei statements. No individual byline is shown. The filing itself was not read."
},
{
"source_id": "huawei-s6",
"organization_id": "huawei",
"issuer": "Associated Press, republished by The Gleaner",
"title": "Huawei racketeering trial opens in New York with duelling accounts",
"date": "11 September 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/business/20260911/huawei-racketeering-trial-opens-new-york-duelling-accounts",
"note": "Associated Press report on opening statements by both sides. No individual reporter is named. It does not report any verdict."
},
{
"source_id": "huawei-s7",
"organization_id": "huawei",
"issuer": "Al Jazeera, with AP and Reuters",
"title": "Why have US prosecutors labelled China’s Huawei a criminal enterprise?",
"date": "20 September 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/9/20/why-have-us-prosecutors-labelled-chinas-huawei-a-criminal-enterprise",
"note": "Reports the trial start on 9 September 2026, the not-guilty plea and an expected length of about three months. It reports no verdict."
},
{
"source_id": "icahn-enterprises-s1",
"organization_id": "icahn-enterprises",
"issuer": "Hindenburg Research",
"title": "Icahn Enterprises: The Corporate Raider Throwing Stones From His Own Glass House",
"date": "2 May 2023",
"type": "Short-seller report",
"tier": "D",
"url": "https://hindenburgresearch.com/icahn/",
"note": "Origin of the ponzi-like, dividend and pledge claims. It is a short seller's analysis, not a finding."
},
{
"source_id": "icahn-enterprises-s2",
"organization_id": "icahn-enterprises",
"issuer": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "SEC Charges Carl Icahn and Icahn Enterprises L.P. for Failing to Disclose Pledges of Company's Securities as Collateral for Billions in Personal Loans",
"date": "19 August 2024",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2024-99",
"note": "Supports the settled findings on undisclosed pledges and the penalties. It does not address distributions or net asset value."
},
{
"source_id": "icahn-enterprises-s3",
"organization_id": "icahn-enterprises",
"issuer": "Icahn Enterprises L.P.",
"title": "ICAHN ENTERPRISES VINDICATED BY DISMISSAL OF MERITLESS LAWSUIT THAT PARROTED FALSE AND MISLEADING CLAIMS PUBLISHED BY HINDENBURG “RESEARCH”",
"date": "16 September 2024",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.ielp.com/node/16736",
"note": "Company account of the class action dismissal and of the SEC outcome. Its characterizations are the company's own."
},
{
"source_id": "icahn-enterprises-s4",
"organization_id": "icahn-enterprises",
"issuer": "Icahn Enterprises L.P.",
"title": "Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024",
"date": "November 2024",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/813762/000155837024015065/tmb-20240930x10q.htm",
"note": "Shows distributions declared of US$1.00 per LP unit for the third quarter of 2024."
},
{
"source_id": "icahn-enterprises-s5",
"organization_id": "icahn-enterprises",
"issuer": "Icahn Enterprises L.P.",
"title": "Icahn Enterprises L.P. (Nasdaq: IEP) Today Announced Its Second Quarter 2026 Financial Results",
"date": "5 August 2026",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0000813762/000110465926090743/tm2622273d1_ex99-1.htm",
"note": "Supports the US$0.50 quarterly distribution declared on 3 August 2026."
},
{
"source_id": "icahn-enterprises-s6",
"organization_id": "icahn-enterprises",
"issuer": "Debevoise and Plimpton LLP",
"title": "SEC Charges Carl Icahn and Icahn Enterprises L.P. for Failing to Disclose Pledges of Securities",
"date": "21 August 2024",
"type": "Academic paper",
"tier": "D",
"url": "https://debevoise.com/insights/publications/2024/08/sec-charges-carl-icahn-and-icahn-enterprises-lp",
"note": "Law firm analysis by Andrew J. Ceresney and other partners of the August 2024 orders. Corroborates their scope and penalties only."
},
{
"source_id": "icahn-enterprises-s7",
"organization_id": "icahn-enterprises",
"issuer": "Icahn Enterprises L.P.",
"title": "Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025",
"date": "2026",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/813762/000110465926019821/tmb-20251231x10k.htm",
"note": "Risk factor that future cash distributions can be affected by numerous factors. Does not state amounts in the part read."
},
{
"source_id": "infosys-s1",
"organization_id": "infosys",
"issuer": "Infosys Limited (filed with the US SEC)",
"title": "Statement of Consolidated Audited Results of Infosys Limited and its subsidiaries for the quarter and year ended March 31, 2020",
"date": "Not stated on the page. Refers to board approval on 20 April 2020",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1067491/000106749120000026/exv99w04.htm",
"note": "Company disclosure of the investigation, the SEC closure, no restatement and the pending class action. It is the company's own account."
},
{
"source_id": "infosys-s2",
"organization_id": "infosys",
"issuer": "Outlook India (Press Trust of India)",
"title": "Infosys Chairman Says Whistleblower Complaint Being Probed As Shares Plunge 15%",
"date": "22 October 2019",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.outlookindia.com/business/business-news-infosys-audit-committee-to-conduct-probe-on-whistleblower-allegations-nandan-nilekani-news-340890",
"note": "Reports the allegations and the audit committee's response. It does not test the allegations."
},
{
"source_id": "infosys-s3",
"organization_id": "infosys",
"issuer": "ETV Bharat",
"title": "Infosys audit panel absolves CEO Parikh, CFO Roy",
"date": "10 January 2020",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://etvbharat.com/english/business/national-budget/infosys-audit-panel-absolves-ceo-parikh-cfo-roy/na20200110182614515",
"note": "Reports the company statement on the investigation result and its scope. The investigation was commissioned by the company."
},
{
"source_id": "infosys-s4",
"organization_id": "infosys",
"issuer": "The Quint (Press Trust of India)",
"title": "Infosys Whistleblower Case: SEC Probe Over, No Further Action",
"date": "24 March 2020",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.thequint.com/amp/story/news/india/sec-probe-over-expect-no-further-action-infosys-whistleblower-case",
"note": "Reports the company's statement that the SEC concluded its inquiry. No SEC document is cited."
},
{
"source_id": "infosys-s5",
"organization_id": "infosys",
"issuer": "YourStory (Press Trust of India)",
"title": "Class action lawsuit against Infosys dismissed in US",
"date": "22 May 2020",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://yourstory.com/2020/05/class-action-lawsuit-against-infosys-dismissed",
"note": "Reports the voluntary dismissal without prejudice, citing the company. It is not the court docket."
},
{
"source_id": "infosys-s6",
"organization_id": "infosys",
"issuer": "Infosys Limited (filed with the US SEC)",
"title": "Form of Release to Stock Exchanges, results for the quarter and nine months ended December 31, 2020",
"date": "Auditor's report dated 13 January 2021",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1067491/000106749121000004/exv99w06.htm",
"note": "Company disclosure that it had answered all inquiries from Indian regulatory authorities on the whistleblower matter, with a last response on 15 May 2020. It states no outcome of those inquiries."
},
{
"source_id": "jbs-s1",
"organization_id": "jbs",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "J&F Investimentos S.A. Pleads Guilty and Agrees to Pay Over $256 Million to Resolve Criminal Foreign Bribery Case",
"date": "14 October 2020",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/jf-investimentos-sa-pleads-guilty-and-agrees-pay-over-256-million-resolve-criminal-foreign",
"note": "Supports the plea, the count, the penalty and the credit for Brazilian payments. It does not name individual officials."
},
{
"source_id": "jbs-s2",
"organization_id": "jbs",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "SEC Charges Brazilian Meat Producers With FCPA Violations",
"date": "14 October 2020",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2020-254",
"note": "Supports the consent order against JBS, J&F and the Batista brothers. The release contains no admit or deny language."
},
{
"source_id": "jbs-s3",
"organization_id": "jbs",
"issuer": "Money Times",
"title": "MPF e J&F assinam acordo de leniência para pagamento de R$ 10 bilhões",
"date": "6 June 2017",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.moneytimes.com.br/mpf-e-jf-assinam-acordo-de-leniencia-para-pagamento-de-r-10-bilhoes/",
"note": "Report by Gustavo Kahil citing Agência Brasil on the leniency terms. It does not report what J&F admitted."
},
{
"source_id": "jbs-s4",
"organization_id": "jbs",
"issuer": "Reuters (via Notícias Agrícolas)",
"title": "Toffoli suspende multa de R$10,3 bi do acordo de leniência da J&F",
"date": "20 December 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.noticiasagricolas.com.br/noticias/politica-economia/366628-toffoli-suspende-multa-de-r103-bi-do-acordo-de-leniencia-da-jf.html",
"note": "Reuters report by Ricardo Brito on the suspension. The decision itself is not public."
},
{
"source_id": "jbs-s5",
"organization_id": "jbs",
"issuer": "Reuters (via Notícias Agrícolas)",
"title": "PGR recorre de decisão de Toffoli que suspendeu multa à J&F em acordo de leniência",
"date": "6 February 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.noticiasagricolas.com.br/noticia/369617",
"note": "Reuters report by Ricardo Brito on the PGR appeal. It does not say what the appeal requests."
},
{
"source_id": "jbs-s6",
"organization_id": "jbs",
"issuer": "CartaCapital",
"title": "Conselho do MPF anula desconto bilionário no acordo da J&F",
"date": "11 October 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.cartacapital.com.br/?p=462881",
"note": "Report credited to the CartaCapital newsroom, citing O Globo, on the unanimous annulment of a BRL 6.8 billion discount. It does not address the Supreme Court case."
},
{
"source_id": "jbs-s7",
"organization_id": "jbs",
"issuer": "JBS S.A. (Form 6-K exhibit)",
"title": "U.S. Listing Update",
"date": "May 2025",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1791942/000119312525114063/d921549dex991.htm",
"note": "Company timetable for the NYSE listing, which gave 12 June 2025 as the expected first trading day. Its dates were tentative when published."
},
{
"source_id": "jbs-s8",
"organization_id": "jbs",
"issuer": "Associated Press (via Click2Houston)",
"title": "Shares of meatpacking giant JBS fall in debut on the NYSE",
"date": "13 June 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.click2houston.com/business/2025/06/13/jbs-shares-are-expected-to-begin-trading-on-the-nyse/",
"note": "Report by Dee-Ann Durbin confirming the debut and critics' objections. It does not discuss the US plea."
},
{
"source_id": "jbs-s9",
"organization_id": "jbs",
"issuer": "Stanford Law School FCPA Clearinghouse",
"title": "In the Matter of J&F Investimentos, S.A., et al.",
"date": "Database updated through 30 July 2025",
"type": "Academic paper",
"tier": "D",
"url": "https://fcpa.stanford.edu/enforcement-action.html?id=818",
"note": "Academic database entry listing SEC docket number 3-20124 and the Eastern District of New York information. It gives no sentencing date."
},
{
"source_id": "johnson-and-johnson-s1",
"organization_id": "johnson-and-johnson",
"issuer": "Johnson & Johnson",
"title": "Statement on Reuters Talc Article",
"date": "14 December 2018",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.jnj.com/media-center/press-releases/statement-on-reuters-talc-article",
"note": "J&J's rebuttal of the Reuters report. It is the company's position, not a finding."
},
{
"source_id": "johnson-and-johnson-s2",
"organization_id": "johnson-and-johnson",
"issuer": "US Food and Drug Administration (company announcement)",
"title": "Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. to Voluntarily Recall a Single Lot of Johnson’s Baby Powder in the United States",
"date": "18 October 2019",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/johnson-johnson-consumer-inc-voluntarily-recall-single-lot-johnsons-baby-powder-united-states",
"note": "Company recall notice posted by FDA, reporting the FDA test result for one lot. FDA says it posts such notices as a public service and does not endorse the company."
},
{
"source_id": "johnson-and-johnson-s3",
"organization_id": "johnson-and-johnson",
"issuer": "US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit",
"title": "In re: LTL Management, LLC, Nos. 22-2003 et al., precedential opinion",
"date": "30 January 2023",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www2.ca3.uscourts.gov/opinarch/222003p.pdf",
"note": "Orders dismissal of the first LTL bankruptcy for lack of financial distress. It does not address talc safety."
},
{
"source_id": "johnson-and-johnson-s4",
"organization_id": "johnson-and-johnson",
"issuer": "Johnson & Johnson",
"title": "Johnson & Johnson to Return to Tort System to Defeat Meritless Talc Claims",
"date": "31 March 2025",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.jnj.com/media-center/press-releases/johnson-johnson-to-return-to-tort-system-to-defeat-meritless-talc-claims",
"note": "J&J's report of the denial of the Red River plan and its reserve reversal. The court ruling itself was not read."
},
{
"source_id": "johnson-and-johnson-s5",
"organization_id": "johnson-and-johnson",
"issuer": "Johnson & Johnson",
"title": "Johnson & Johnson Announces a Proposed Resolution of Ovarian Talc Litigation",
"date": "27 July 2026",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.jnj.com/media-center/press-releases/johnson-johnson-announces-a-proposed-resolution-of-ovarian-talc-litigation",
"note": "Announces a proposed US$5.5 billion resolution and repeats J&J's safety position. It describes the MDL order but is not a court record."
},
{
"source_id": "johnson-and-johnson-s6",
"organization_id": "johnson-and-johnson",
"issuer": "US Food and Drug Administration",
"title": "Baby Powder Manufacturer Voluntarily Recalls Product for Asbestos",
"date": "18 October 2019",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.fda.gov/food/cfsan-constituent-updates/baby-powder-manufacturer-voluntarily-recalls-product-asbestos",
"note": "FDA's own notice that a sample from lot 22318RB contained chrysotile asbestos in its cosmetics survey. It covers one lot and says a sample from another lot tested negative."
},
{
"source_id": "johnson-and-johnson-s7",
"organization_id": "johnson-and-johnson",
"issuer": "Reuters (via Business Insurance)",
"title": "J&J knew for decades that asbestos lurked in its Baby Powder",
"date": "14 December 2018",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.businessinsurance.com/johnson-johnson-knew-for-decades-that-asbestos-lurked-in-its-baby-powder/",
"note": "Reprint credited to Reuters of the December 2018 investigation. No reporter is named on the reprint. Al Jazeera carried the same Reuters finding on the same day. It is the allegation, not a finding."
},
{
"source_id": "johnson-and-johnson-s8",
"organization_id": "johnson-and-johnson",
"issuer": "Associated Press (via KSAT)",
"title": "Bankruptcy judge denies J&J settlement plan related to baby powder containing talc",
"date": "1 April 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.ksat.com/business/2025/04/01/bankruptcy-judge-denies-jj-settlement-plan-related-to-baby-powder-containing-talc/",
"note": "Report by Michelle Chapman naming Judge Christopher Lopez of the Houston division as the judge who denied the Red River plan. It does not give a case number."
},
{
"source_id": "kobe-steel-s1",
"organization_id": "kobe-steel",
"issuer": "Kobe Steel, Ltd.",
"title": "Timeline of Key Events",
"date": "As of 11 April 2018",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.kobelco.co.jp/english/progress/background.html",
"note": "Company timeline from June 2016 to March 2018, including the 8 October 2017 disclosure. It does not cover the prosecution or US matters."
},
{
"source_id": "kobe-steel-s2",
"organization_id": "kobe-steel",
"issuer": "Kobe Steel, Ltd.",
"title": "Report on the Kobe Steel Group’s misconduct",
"date": "6 March 2018",
"type": "Commissioned report",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.kobelco.co.jp/english/releases/files/20180306_en.pdf",
"note": "Company report drawing on the Independent Investigation Committee's work. It does not state how long the misconduct lasted."
},
{
"source_id": "kobe-steel-s3",
"organization_id": "kobe-steel",
"issuer": "Kobe Steel, Ltd.",
"title": "FAQs",
"date": "Updated 18 May 2018",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.kobelco.co.jp/english/about-kobelco/progress/faq.html",
"note": "Company answers on safety verification. It is the company's own assessment."
},
{
"source_id": "kobe-steel-s4",
"organization_id": "kobe-steel",
"issuer": "Kobe Steel, Ltd.",
"title": "About the decision on Kobe Steel's violation of the Unfair Competition Prevention Act",
"date": "13 March 2019",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.kobelco.co.jp/english/releases/1200908_15581.html",
"note": "Company report of the Tachikawa Summary Court fine. It does not reproduce the judgment."
},
{
"source_id": "kobe-steel-s5",
"organization_id": "kobe-steel",
"issuer": "Kobe Steel, Ltd.",
"title": "Conclusion of the Request for Document Production, etc. from the U.S. Judicial Administrative Authority",
"date": "17 July 2019",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.kobelco.co.jp/english/releases/1201617_15581.html",
"note": "Company account of the end of the US grand jury document request. It is not a DOJ declination letter."
},
{
"source_id": "kpmg-uk-s1",
"organization_id": "kpmg-uk",
"issuer": "Financial Reporting Council",
"title": "Sanctions against KPMG LLP, KPMG Audit plc and two former partners",
"date": "12 October 2023",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.frc.org.uk/news-and-events/news/2023/10/sanctions-against-kpmg-llp-kpmg-audit-plc-and-two-former-partners/",
"note": "Supports the fines, the admitted breaches in the 2013 to 2016 Carillion audits and the finding that some breaches were not dishonest. The full decision documents were not read."
},
{
"source_id": "kpmg-uk-s2",
"organization_id": "kpmg-uk",
"issuer": "Financial Reporting Council",
"title": "Sanctions against KPMG and others in connection with Regenersis & Carillion audits",
"date": "25 July 2022",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.frc.org.uk/news-and-events/news/2022/07/sanctions-against-kpmg-and-others-in-connection-with-regenersis-carillion-audits/",
"note": "Supports the tribunal's misconduct finding on false or misleading information to inspectors. It does not judge the audit opinions themselves."
},
{
"source_id": "kpmg-uk-s3",
"organization_id": "kpmg-uk",
"issuer": "House of Commons Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy and Work and Pensions Committees",
"title": "Carillion",
"date": "16 May 2018",
"type": "Commission report",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmworpen/769/76906.htm",
"note": "Chapter 2 of the joint committee report, on external checks including the auditors. Supports the fee and tenure facts and records the committees' opinions. It is not a legal finding."
},
{
"source_id": "kpmg-uk-s4",
"organization_id": "kpmg-uk",
"issuer": "Construction Enquirer",
"title": "KPMG settles with Carillion liquidator over £1.3bn legal battle",
"date": "20 February 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.constructionenquirer.com/2023/02/20/kpmg-settles-with-carillion-liquidator-over-1-3bn-legal-battle/",
"note": "Report by Aaron Morby on the confidential settlement. The date comes from the URL and the amount was not disclosed."
},
{
"source_id": "kpmg-uk-s5",
"organization_id": "kpmg-uk",
"issuer": "Accountancy Age",
"title": "KPMG handed record fine over audit failures in Carillion demise",
"date": "12 October 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://accountancyage.com/2023/10/12/kpmg-handed-record-fine-over-audit-failures-in-carillion-demise/?amp=1",
"note": "Report by Greg Noble quoting KPMG's chief executive. The record fine description is the publisher's."
},
{
"source_id": "lafarge-s1",
"organization_id": "lafarge",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Lafarge Pleads Guilty to Conspiring to Provide Material Support to Foreign Terrorist Organizations",
"date": "18 October 2022",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/lafarge-pleads-guilty-conspiring-provide-material-support-foreign-terrorist-organizations",
"note": "Supports the pleas, the penalties, the payments and the findings on disclosure and cooperation. It does not name Holcim."
},
{
"source_id": "lafarge-s2",
"organization_id": "lafarge",
"issuer": "Holcim",
"title": "Holcim Affirms Support for Lafarge SA Resolution",
"date": "18 October 2022 (page undated, date taken from the linked documents)",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://holcim.com/media/media-releases/statements-18-october-2022",
"note": "Holcim's position on the US resolution. It does not mention the French proceedings."
},
{
"source_id": "lafarge-s3",
"organization_id": "lafarge",
"issuer": "The Local France (AFP)",
"title": "French court jails Lafarge ex-CEO for funding IS in Syria",
"date": "13 April 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.thelocal.fr/20260413/french-court-jails-lafarge-ex-ceo-for-funding-is-in-syria",
"note": "AFP report of the Paris verdict, the fine and the sentences. Written on the day, it reports only the former chief executive's plan to appeal."
},
{
"source_id": "lafarge-s4",
"organization_id": "lafarge",
"issuer": "Al Jazeera",
"title": "French court rules cement giant Lafarge guilty of funding Syria 'terrorism'",
"date": "13 April 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/4/13/french-court-rules-cement-giant-lafarge-guilty-of-funding-syrian-terrorism",
"note": "Staff and agency report giving the fine, confiscation and Lafarge's reaction. Its reference to a confirmed crimes against humanity conviction is not supported by other records."
},
{
"source_id": "lafarge-s5",
"organization_id": "lafarge",
"issuer": "International Center for Transitional Justice",
"title": "French Court Confirms Lafarge 'Complicity in Crimes Against Humanity' Charges Over Syria Factory",
"date": "22 January 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "D",
"url": "https://www.ictj.org/fr/node/36430",
"note": "NGO news summary of the 16 January 2024 ruling. It is not the court text."
},
{
"source_id": "lafarge-s6",
"organization_id": "lafarge",
"issuer": "Keystone-SDA via SWI swissinfo.ch",
"title": "Lafarge appeals conviction for financing terrorism",
"date": "28 April 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/global-trade/lafarge-appeals-its-conviction-for-financing-terrorism/91328900",
"note": "Swiss national news agency report, machine translated, that Lafarge and the other defendants appealed. No named reporter. Justice Info reports that defence lawyers announced appeals."
},
{
"source_id": "lafarge-s7",
"organization_id": "lafarge",
"issuer": "Justice Info (Chloé Dubois)",
"title": "Tough verdict against cement group Lafarge",
"date": "14 April 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.justiceinfo.net/en/157907-tough-verdict-cement-group-lafarge.html",
"note": "Correspondent's report on the fines, the sentences and the crimes against humanity investigation. It is not the judgment."
},
{
"source_id": "luckin-coffee-s1",
"organization_id": "luckin-coffee",
"issuer": "Luckin Coffee Inc. (Form 6-K, SEC EDGAR)",
"title": "Luckin Coffee Responds to Anonymous Report Containing Misleading and False Allegations",
"date": "3 February 2020",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1767582/000110465920009486/a20-6511_1ex99d1.htm",
"note": "Company denial of the anonymous report. It records the denial, not the facts."
},
{
"source_id": "luckin-coffee-s2",
"organization_id": "luckin-coffee",
"issuer": "Luckin Coffee Inc. (Form 6-K, SEC EDGAR)",
"title": "Luckin Coffee Announces Formation of Independent Special Committee and Provides Certain Information Related to Ongoing Internal Investigation",
"date": "2 April 2020",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1767582/000110465920042189/a20-14831_1ex99d1.htm",
"note": "Company admission of fabricated transactions with preliminary sales of around RMB 2.2 billion. The company said the figure was not independently verified."
},
{
"source_id": "luckin-coffee-s3",
"organization_id": "luckin-coffee",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "Luckin Coffee Agrees to Pay $180 Million Penalty to Settle Accounting Fraud Charges",
"date": "16 December 2020",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2020-319",
"note": "SEC charges and settlement without admitting or denying. It is not a finding of fact and does not show final payment."
},
{
"source_id": "luckin-coffee-s4",
"organization_id": "luckin-coffee",
"issuer": "Jiemian (reporter Song Jianan)",
"title": "Luckin Coffee CEO says company aims to relist in the US, but no timetable yet",
"date": "Not shown on page",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://en.jiemian.com/article/13633562.html",
"note": "Reports relisting plans and Luckin's statement. No date is shown on the page, but it cites 2025 results. Its line on penalties paid is checked against the SEC and company records."
},
{
"source_id": "luckin-coffee-s5",
"organization_id": "luckin-coffee",
"issuer": "Global Corporate Restructuring",
"title": "Luckin Coffee seeks US relisting",
"date": "13 November 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.gcrmag.com/luckin-coffee-seeks-us-relisting",
"note": "Reports the chief executive's relisting statement with no timetable. It does not cover the restructuring details."
},
{
"source_id": "luckin-coffee-s6",
"organization_id": "luckin-coffee",
"issuer": "Luckin Coffee Inc. (Form 20-F, SEC EDGAR)",
"title": "Luckin Coffee Inc. Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended 31 December 2023",
"date": "Fiscal year ended 31 December 2023, filed 2024",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1767582/000110465924044514/lk-20231231x20f.htm",
"note": "Company account of the court approval and the SEC notice that the penalties were satisfied. It does not say how much was offset by payments to security holders."
},
{
"source_id": "mckinsey-africa-s1",
"organization_id": "mckinsey-africa",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "McKinsey & Company Africa to Pay Over $122M in Connection with Bribery of South African Government Officials",
"date": "5 December 2024",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/mckinsey-company-africa-pay-over-122m-connection-bribery-south-african-government-officials",
"note": "Supports the DPA, the charge, the penalty and the 2018 and 2021 repayments. It does not give a docket number or later developments."
},
{
"source_id": "mckinsey-africa-s2",
"organization_id": "mckinsey-africa",
"issuer": "South African Government News Agency (SAnews)",
"title": "NPA reaches resolution with McKinsey South Africa",
"date": "6 December 2024",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sanews.gov.za/node/72337",
"note": "Supports the NPA resolution, the acceptance of responsibility and the restitution. It does not state that charges were withdrawn."
},
{
"source_id": "mckinsey-africa-s3",
"organization_id": "mckinsey-africa",
"issuer": "McKinsey & Company",
"title": "McKinsey South Africa has entered into a final resolution with the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ)",
"date": "5 December 2024, with a later update",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.mckinsey.com/za/our-work/statements/mckinsey-statement-december-2024",
"note": "Company statement with an update saying the NPA withdrew its charges in January 2025. It is the company's own account."
},
{
"source_id": "mckinsey-africa-s4",
"organization_id": "mckinsey-africa",
"issuer": "Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture",
"title": "Report: Part IV, Vol. 4: The Capture of Eskom",
"date": "29 April 2022",
"type": "Commission report",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.saflii.org/images/state-capture-commission-report-part4-vol4.pdf",
"note": "Official commission report. Its table of contents lists a key finding that Eskom settlement payments to McKinsey and Trillian were unlawful. The findings pages could not be extracted from the online PDF, so the finding text itself was not read."
},
{
"source_id": "mckinsey-africa-s5",
"organization_id": "mckinsey-africa",
"issuer": "News24Wire via Polity.org.za",
"title": "NPA charges McKinsey SA with fraud over Transnet locomotive debacle",
"date": "30 September 2022",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.polity.org.za/print-version/npa-charges-mckinsey-sa-with-fraud-over-transnet-locomotive-debacle-2022-09-30",
"note": "Reports the 2022 charges and the court appearance. No byline is shown and its status was overtaken in 2025."
},
{
"source_id": "mckinsey-africa-s6",
"organization_id": "mckinsey-africa",
"issuer": "Daily Maverick",
"title": "No dodging the State Capture hangover for McKinsey and Trillian",
"date": "29 April 2022",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-04-29-no-dodging-the-state-capture-hangover-for-mckinsey-and-trillian",
"note": "Report by Jessica Bezuidenhout on the Eskom volume's findings on McKinsey and Trillian. It is press, not the report text."
},
{
"source_id": "meta-s1",
"organization_id": "meta",
"issuer": "Facebook (Meta Newsroom)",
"title": "Suspending Cambridge Analytica and SCL Group From Facebook",
"date": "16 March 2018, updated 17 March 2018",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://about.fb.com/news/2018/03/suspending-cambridge-analytica/",
"note": "Facebook's account and its breach denial. It is the company's position, not a finding."
},
{
"source_id": "meta-s2",
"organization_id": "meta",
"issuer": "US Federal Trade Commission",
"title": "FTC Imposes $5 Billion Penalty and Sweeping New Privacy Restrictions on Facebook",
"date": "24 July 2019",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/07/ftc-imposes-5-billion-penalty-sweeping-new-privacy-restrictions-facebook",
"note": "Supports the penalty and the alleged order violation. It contains no admission."
},
{
"source_id": "meta-s3",
"organization_id": "meta",
"issuer": "US Federal Trade Commission",
"title": "FTC Gives Final Approval to Modify FTC's 2012 Privacy Order with Facebook with Provisions from 2019 Settlement",
"date": "28 April 2020",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2020/04/ftc-gives-final-approval-modify-ftcs-2012-privacy-order-facebook-provisions-2019-settlement",
"note": "Supports the court entry date. It does not state a case number."
},
{
"source_id": "meta-s4",
"organization_id": "meta",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "Facebook to Pay $100 Million for Misleading Investors About the Risks It Faced From Misuse of User Data",
"date": "24 July 2019",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2019-140",
"note": "Supports the SEC charges and settlement. Facebook did not admit or deny."
},
{
"source_id": "meta-s5",
"organization_id": "meta",
"issuer": "Society for Computers and Law",
"title": "ICO and Facebook reach agreement regarding misuse of data in political campaigns",
"date": "30 October 2019",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "D",
"url": "https://www.scl.org/10716-ico-and-facebook-reach-agreement-regarding-misuse-of-data-in-political-campaigns/",
"note": "Professional body report quoting the ICO statement on the agreement. The ICO page itself was not read."
},
{
"source_id": "meta-s6",
"organization_id": "meta",
"issuer": "Outlook Business",
"title": "Meta Directors, Including Mark Zuckerberg, Agree to $190 Mn Settlement in Cambridge Analytica Shareholder Suit",
"date": "23 November 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.outlookbusiness.com/deeptech/tech/meta-directors-including-mark-zuckerberg-agree-to-190-mn-settlement-in-cambridge-analytica-shareholder-suit",
"note": "Desk report crediting ET on the settlement terms. The insurance funding is reported, not confirmed."
},
{
"source_id": "meta-s7",
"organization_id": "meta",
"issuer": "Bloomberg Law",
"title": "Meta Privacy Claims Settlement Backed by Delaware Business Court",
"date": "7 April 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://news.bloomberglaw.com/insurance/meta-privacy-claims-settlement-backed-by-delaware-business-court",
"note": "Report by Jennifer Kay on final approval. Only the open excerpt was read."
},
{
"source_id": "meta-s8",
"organization_id": "meta",
"issuer": "Berman Tabacco",
"title": "Facebook Derivative Litigation",
"date": "Undated case page, copyright 2026",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.bermantabacco.com/case/facebook-derivative-litigation/",
"note": "Case page of a plaintiffs' law firm giving the caption, the civil action number, the US$190,000,000 amount and the approval date. It is counsel's own account, not the court order."
},
{
"source_id": "meta-s9",
"organization_id": "meta",
"issuer": "TechCrunch",
"title": "Facebook agrees to pay UK data watchdog’s Cambridge Analytica fine but settles without admitting liability",
"date": "30 October 2019",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://techcrunch.com/2019/10/30/facebook-agrees-to-pay-uk-data-watchdogs-cambridge-analytica-fine-but-settles-without-admitting-liability",
"note": "Report by Natasha Lomas confirming the 30 October 2019 agreement, the full payment, the absence of an admission and the dropped appeals. The ICO page itself was not read."
},
{
"source_id": "mtn-group-s1",
"organization_id": "mtn-group",
"issuer": "MTN Group",
"title": "MTN Group notes incorrect media article relating to US legal issue",
"date": "17 April 2025",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.mtn.com/mtn-group-notes-incorrect-media-article-relating-to-us-legal-issue/",
"note": "MTN's account of the September 2023 Zobay ruling and its denial. It is a party statement, not the court order."
},
{
"source_id": "mtn-group-s2",
"organization_id": "mtn-group",
"issuer": "BusinessTech",
"title": "United States anti-terrorism case against South Africa's MTN moving ahead",
"date": "29 September 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/877522/united-states-anti-terrorism-case-against-south-africas-mtn-moving-ahead/",
"note": "Staff report on the 2026 refusal of reconsideration and the move to discovery. It names no reporter and gives no order date."
},
{
"source_id": "mtn-group-s3",
"organization_id": "mtn-group",
"issuer": "Connecting Africa",
"title": "MTN, Turkcell $4.2B legal battle heads to SA's top court",
"date": "30 April 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.connectingafrica.com/regulation/mtn-turkcell-4-2b-legal-battle-heads-to-sa-s-top-court",
"note": "Report by Paula Gilbert on the High Court and appeal rulings. It does not report a Constitutional Court filing."
},
{
"source_id": "mtn-group-s4",
"organization_id": "mtn-group",
"issuer": "Business Day",
"title": "MTN files appeal with Constitutional Court over Iran licence case",
"date": "22 May 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.businessday.co.za/bd/companies/telecoms-and-technology/2025-05-22-mtn-files-appeal-with-constitutional-court-over-iran-licence-case/",
"note": "Report by Mudiwa Gavaza on MTN's notice of intention to appeal, Turkcell's allegations and its opposition. It reports no Constitutional Court decision."
},
{
"source_id": "mtn-group-s5",
"organization_id": "mtn-group",
"issuer": "TechAfrica News",
"title": "Turkcell Lawsuit Against MTN Moves Forward After SCA Ruling",
"date": "30 April 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://techafricanews.com/?p=46636",
"note": "Report by Aayushya Ranjan quoting MTN's intention to approach the Constitutional Court. It reports no ruling."
},
{
"source_id": "mtn-group-s6",
"organization_id": "mtn-group",
"issuer": "Business Day",
"title": "Two MTN antiterrorism cases move to discovery phase in the US",
"date": "30 September 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.businessday.co.za/companies/2026-09-30-two-mtn-antiterrorism-cases-move-to-discovery-phase-in-the-us/",
"note": "Report by Mudiwa Gavaza dating the refusal of reconsideration to 25 September and placing the Cabrera and Chand cases in the District of Columbia. It relays an MTN update, not the order."
},
{
"source_id": "nikola-s1",
"organization_id": "nikola",
"issuer": "Hindenburg Research",
"title": "Nikola: How to Parlay An Ocean of Lies Into a Partnership With the Largest Auto OEM in America",
"date": "10 September 2020",
"type": "Short-seller report",
"tier": "D",
"url": "https://hindenburgresearch.com/nikola/",
"note": "Origin of the video and in-house claims. It is a short seller's analysis and does not by itself establish any fact."
},
{
"source_id": "nikola-s2",
"organization_id": "nikola",
"issuer": "TechCrunch",
"title": "Nikola disputes fraud claims in carefully worded rebuttal",
"date": "14 September 2020",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://techcrunch.com/2020/09/14/nikola-disputes-fraud-claims-in-carefully-worded-rebuttal",
"note": "Report by Kirsten Korosec quoting Nikola's rebuttal. Supports what Nikola said, not the truth of either side."
},
{
"source_id": "nikola-s3",
"organization_id": "nikola",
"issuer": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "Nikola Corporation to Pay $125 Million to Resolve Fraud Charges",
"date": "21 December 2021",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2021-267",
"note": "Supports the settled order and its findings on misleading claims. The settlement was without admitting or denying."
},
{
"source_id": "nikola-s4",
"organization_id": "nikola",
"issuer": "U.S. Department of Justice, Office of the Pardon Attorney",
"title": "Clemency Grants by President Donald J. Trump (2025-Present)",
"date": "27 March 2025",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/pardon/clemency-grants-president-donald-j-trump-2025-present",
"note": "Lists the founder's pardon, offenses and the 18 December 2023 sentence. It does not give the verdict date."
},
{
"source_id": "nikola-s5",
"organization_id": "nikola",
"issuer": "Transport Topics",
"title": "Nikola Founder Trevor Milton Receives Full Pardon From Trump",
"date": "28 March 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.ttnews.com/articles/nikola-trevor-milton-pardon",
"note": "Reports the 2022 jury conviction, four year sentence and the pardon. Staff byline only, corroborated by the DOJ pardon list."
},
{
"source_id": "nikola-s6",
"organization_id": "nikola",
"issuer": "Nikola Corporation",
"title": "Nikola Initiates Comprehensive Voluntary Chapter 11 Sale Process",
"date": "19 February 2025",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1731289/000173128925000004/pressreleaseofnikolacorpor.htm",
"note": "Company press release filed with Form 8-K on the chapter 11 filing and wind down."
},
{
"source_id": "nikola-s7",
"organization_id": "nikola",
"issuer": "FreightWaves",
"title": "Nikola agrees to $83M SEC settlement",
"date": "12 September 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.freightwaves.com/news/nikola-agrees-to-83m-sec-settlement-after-bankruptcy-hearings",
"note": "Report by Caleb Revill on the SEC claim agreement within the liquidation plan. It does not state plan confirmation or prior payments."
},
{
"source_id": "nikola-s8",
"organization_id": "nikola",
"issuer": "Fortune (Bloomberg)",
"title": "Nikola founder Trevor Milton convicted of fraud for misleading investors",
"date": "14 October 2022",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://fortune.com/2022/10/14/nikola-founder-trevor-milton-convicted-fraud-misleading-investors",
"note": "Bloomberg report by Chris Dolmetsch and Edward Ludlow on the jury verdict of 14 October 2022 on three counts. DOJ records confirm an October 2022 conviction."
},
{
"source_id": "nikola-s9",
"organization_id": "nikola",
"issuer": "U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York",
"title": "Trevor Milton Sentenced To Four Years In Prison For Securities Fraud Scheme",
"date": "18 December 2023",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/trevor-milton-sentenced-four-years-prison-securities-fraud-scheme",
"note": "DOJ release on the four year sentence by Judge Edgardo Ramos after a one month trial. It does not give the exact verdict date."
},
{
"source_id": "nmc-health-s1",
"organization_id": "nmc-health",
"issuer": "Financial Conduct Authority",
"title": "FCA censures NMC Health Plc (in Administration) for market abuse",
"date": "17 November 2023",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.fca.org.uk/news/press-releases/fca-censures-nmc-health-plc-administration-market-abuse",
"note": "Finds debt understated by as much as USD 4 billion in statements from March 2019 to February 2020. It does not address asset values or the short report point by point."
},
{
"source_id": "nmc-health-s2",
"organization_id": "nmc-health",
"issuer": "CNBC",
"title": "Abu Dhabi's NMC Health in messy dispute with US short seller Muddy Waters after stock ambush",
"date": "2 January 2020",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/02/abu-dhabis-nmc-health-in-messy-dispute-with-us-short-seller-muddy-waters.html",
"note": "Summarises the short seller's allegations and NMC's replies. The date comes from the page address and matches a HedgeCo republication of 3 January 2020. No byline was visible in the text read. It records allegations only."
},
{
"source_id": "nmc-health-s3",
"organization_id": "nmc-health",
"issuer": "Gulf News",
"title": "NMC refutes Muddy Waters report in detail",
"date": "20 December 2019",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://gulfnews.com/business/nmc-refutes-muddy-waters-report-in-detail-1.68600537",
"note": "Reports NMC's rebuttal. It is the company's position as reported, not a finding."
},
{
"source_id": "nmc-health-s4",
"organization_id": "nmc-health",
"issuer": "International Accounting Bulletin (author Vishnu Priya N)",
"title": "EY faces $2.7bn lawsuit over alleged audit failures",
"date": "22 May 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.internationalaccountingbulletin.com/news/ey-lawsuit-nmc-health-fraud-case/",
"note": "Reports the claim size, the trial start and EY's denial. It replaces an undated AGBI page. It reports a pending claim only."
},
{
"source_id": "nmc-health-s5",
"organization_id": "nmc-health",
"issuer": "DAC Beachcroft",
"title": "NMC Health v EY - learnings from the blockbuster judgment that wasn't",
"date": "13 July 2026",
"type": "Academic paper",
"tier": "D",
"url": "https://www.dacbeachcroft.com/es/What-we-think/NMC-Health-v-EY-learnings-from-the-blockbuster-judgment-that-wasnt",
"note": "Law firm analysis stating the GBP 105.5 million settlement before judgment. It does not report any admission by EY."
},
{
"source_id": "nmc-health-s6",
"organization_id": "nmc-health",
"issuer": "Bloomberg News (James Booth, via Bloomberg Government)",
"title": "EY Pays Over £100 Million to Settle NMC Health Legal Claim",
"date": "16 May 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://news.bgov.com/financial-accounting/ey-pays-over-100-million-to-settle-nmc-health-legal-claim",
"note": "Reports the GBP 105.5 million settlement shown in NMC's administration report and that EY made no admission of liability. It is not the filing itself."
},
{
"source_id": "novartis-s1",
"organization_id": "novartis",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Novartis Hellas S.A.C.I. and Alcon Pte Ltd Agree to Pay over $233 Million Combined to Resolve Criminal FCPA Cases",
"date": "25 June 2020",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/novartis-hellas-saci-and-alcon-pte-ltd-agree-pay-over-233-million-combined-resolve-criminal",
"note": "Supports the DPAs, the penalties and the hospital payment scheme. It names no Greek officials."
},
{
"source_id": "novartis-s2",
"organization_id": "novartis",
"issuer": "Novartis AG",
"title": "Novartis Resolves Legacy FCPA Investigations",
"date": "25 June 2020",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/novartis-resolves-legacy-fcpa-investigations",
"note": "Company account giving USD 233.9 million to the DOJ and USD 112.8 million to the SEC. Its view of its internal probe is not independently checked."
},
{
"source_id": "novartis-s3",
"organization_id": "novartis",
"issuer": "Anadolu Agency",
"title": "Greek parliament agrees to probe Novartis scandal",
"date": "22 February 2018",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/greek-parliament-agrees-to-probe-novartis-scandal/1071071",
"note": "Report by Furkan Naci Top on the parliamentary vote and the denials. It reports allegations, not findings."
},
{
"source_id": "novartis-s4",
"organization_id": "novartis",
"issuer": "To Vima",
"title": "Protected Witnesses Found Guilty in Greece's Novartis Trial",
"date": "13 January 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.tovima.com/politics/protected-witnesses-found-guilty-in-greeces-novartis-trial",
"note": "Newsroom report on the appeal ruling. It calls the court the Athens Court of Appeal, which is less exact than S6, and gives terms of 25 and 28 months."
},
{
"source_id": "novartis-s5",
"organization_id": "novartis",
"issuer": "Proto Thema",
"title": "Novartis case: Guilty verdict upheld on appeal for Destebasidis and Maraggelis",
"date": "13 January 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://origin01-en.protothema.gr/2026/01/13/novartis-case-guilty-verdict-upheld-on-appeal-for-destebasidis-and-maraggelis",
"note": "Newsroom report on the second-instance verdict, quoting the prosecutor. Written before sentencing, it gives the first-instance terms of 25 and 33 months."
},
{
"source_id": "novartis-s6",
"organization_id": "novartis",
"issuer": "Proto Thema (Vasiliki Kokkali)",
"title": "Υπόθεση Novartis: Ποινές φυλάκισης με αναστολή, 25 μήνες στον Δεστεμπασίδη και 28 στην Μαραγγέλη",
"date": "13 January 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.protothema.gr/greece/article/1756833/novartis-enohi-kai-sto-efeteio-gia-tous-destebasidi-maraggeli-anamenodai-oi-poines/",
"note": "Updated report naming the Three-Member Misdemeanours Court of Athens, the persons covered by each conviction, the discontinued counts and the final terms. It is not the judgment."
},
{
"source_id": "novartis-s7",
"organization_id": "novartis",
"issuer": "Proto Thema (Vasiliki Kokkali)",
"title": "Υπόθεση Novartis: To σκεπτικό της απόφασης για τα αρχειοθετηθούν οι δικογραφίες που αφορούν Γεωργιάδη και Αβραμόπουλο",
"date": "24 January 2022",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.protothema.gr/politics/article/1204472/upothesi-novartis-giati-oi-eisaggeleis-ethesan-sto-arheio-tis-dikografies-kata-georgiadi-kai-avramopoulou",
"note": "Reports that prosecutors archived two files for lack of sufficient evidence. It is not a finding that the accusations were false."
},
{
"source_id": "novartis-s8",
"organization_id": "novartis",
"issuer": "Newmoney",
"title": "Δικαιώθηκε με ομόφωνο βούλευμα ο Ανδρέας Λοβέρδος για την υπόθεση της Novartis",
"date": "10 August 2022",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.newmoney.gr/roh/politiki/loverdos-dikeothike-gia-tin-ipothesi-tis-novartis-me-omofono-voulevma/amp/",
"note": "Newsroom report of a judicial council ruling closing the last of the ten files for lack of sufficient evidence. The ground matches S7."
},
{
"source_id": "novartis-s9",
"organization_id": "novartis",
"issuer": "SKAI (Elena Galari)",
"title": "Novartis: Την ενοχή Μαραγγέλη και Δεστεμπασίδη για ψευδή κατάθεση προτείνει η εισαγγελέας",
"date": "27 August 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.skai.gr/news/greece/novartis-tin-enoxi-maraggeli-kai-destempasidi-gia-pseydi-katathesi-se-varos-okto-politikon",
"note": "Report of the first-instance prosecutor's proposal at the single-member misdemeanours court. It shows that court did not try the bribery allegations."
},
{
"source_id": "odebrecht-s1",
"organization_id": "odebrecht",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs",
"title": "Odebrecht and Braskem Plead Guilty and Agree to Pay at Least $3.5 Billion in Global Penalties",
"date": "21 December 2016",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/odebrecht-and-braskem-plead-guilty-and-agree-pay-least-35-billion-global-penalties-resolve",
"note": "Supports the guilty plea, the US$788 million bribe figure and the Division of Structured Operations. It does not address later Brazilian rulings on evidence."
},
{
"source_id": "odebrecht-s2",
"organization_id": "odebrecht",
"issuer": "Supremo Tribunal Federal",
"title": "STF anula todas as provas obtidas em sistemas da Odebrecht em todas as esferas e para todas as ações",
"date": "6 September 2023",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://portal.stf.jus.br/noticias/verNoticiaDetalhe.asp?idConteudo=513517&ori=1",
"note": "Official STF release on the 6 September 2023 decision in Rcl 43007. It does not report the outcome of later appeals."
},
{
"source_id": "odebrecht-s3",
"organization_id": "odebrecht",
"issuer": "Supremo Tribunal Federal",
"title": "STF suspende multas de R$ 8,5 bilhões da antiga Odebrecht e autoriza a reavaliação do acordo de leniência da Operação Lava-Jato",
"date": "1 February 2024",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://portal.stf.jus.br/noticias/verNoticiaDetalhe.asp?idConteudo=525940&ori=1",
"note": "Supports the suspension of the fines and the Novonor name. It does not show final renegotiated terms."
},
{
"source_id": "odebrecht-s4",
"organization_id": "odebrecht",
"issuer": "Supremo Tribunal Federal (published by Conjur)",
"title": "Petição 11.421 Distrito Federal, decision of Minister Dias Toffoli",
"date": "19 June 2023",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.conjur.com.br/dl/stf-anula-provas-colhidas-partir.pdf",
"note": "Shows an earlier extension of Rcl 43007 effects limited to one defendant. It does not contain the September 2023 general ruling."
},
{
"source_id": "odebrecht-s5",
"organization_id": "odebrecht",
"issuer": "InfoMoney",
"title": "STF suspende julgamento de recursos contra decisão de Toffoli que anulou provas da Lava Jato",
"date": "28 February 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.infomoney.com.br/?p=2387537",
"note": "Newsroom report, drawing on the STF and Agência Brasil, that prosecutors appealed and the Second Panel postponed the appeals to await the ADPF 1051 conciliation. No named reporter."
},
{
"source_id": "odebrecht-s6",
"organization_id": "odebrecht",
"issuer": "O Liberal (Estadão Conteúdo)",
"title": "No STF, Mendonça homologa repactuação de acordos de leniência da Lava Jato",
"date": "15 August 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.oliberal.com/politica/no-stf-mendonca-homologa-repactuacao-de-acordos-de-leniencia-da-lava-jato-1.1006788",
"note": "Agency report that the rapporteur homologated seven renegotiated leniency deals and sent them to plenary review. It gives no Novonor specific terms and no named reporter."
},
{
"source_id": "odebrecht-s7",
"organization_id": "odebrecht",
"issuer": "Diário do Grande ABC",
"title": "Dino pede vista e suspende julgamento sobre repactuação de acordos de leniência da Lava Jato",
"date": "15 August 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.dgabc.com.br/Noticia/4251640/dino-pede-vista-e-suspende-julgamento-sobre-repactuacao-de-acordos-de-leniencia-da-lava-jato",
"note": "Wire copy that the plenary review of the homologation was suspended by a request for review. No named reporter or agency, corroborated in part by S6."
},
{
"source_id": "olympus-s1",
"organization_id": "olympus",
"issuer": "China Daily",
"title": "Olympus head quits amid takeover-fees scandal",
"date": "26 October 2011",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2011-10/26/content_13983269.htm",
"note": "Report based on Reuters, with no named reporter. Records the October 2011 company position on the fees and the dismissal. It does not establish whether the fees were proper."
},
{
"source_id": "olympus-s2",
"organization_id": "olympus",
"issuer": "Al Jazeera",
"title": "Japanese giant Olympus admits cover-up",
"date": "8 November 2011",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/economy/2011/11/8/japanese-giant-olympus-admits-cover-up",
"note": "Agency report of the company's admission that payments hid investment losses. It does not quote the company release in full."
},
{
"source_id": "olympus-s3",
"organization_id": "olympus",
"issuer": "Channel 4 News",
"title": "Olympus admits it hid losses for decades",
"date": "8 November 2011",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.channel4.com/news/olympus-admits-it-hid-losses-for-decades",
"note": "Quotes the president on the admission. It gives no byline and does not quote the earlier denials."
},
{
"source_id": "olympus-s4",
"organization_id": "olympus",
"issuer": "Al Jazeera",
"title": "Panel clears Olympus of organised crime links",
"date": "6 December 2011",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/economy/2011/12/6/panel-clears-olympus-of-organised-crime-links",
"note": "Agency report on the third-party committee findings, including the 1998 scheme and the lack of organised crime evidence. It is not the report itself."
},
{
"source_id": "olympus-s5",
"organization_id": "olympus",
"issuer": "CNN",
"title": "Title not shown on the archived page",
"date": "Not shown on the page. URL dated 6 December 2011",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://edition.cnn.com/2011/12/06/business/olympus-scandal",
"note": "Quotes the committee report on management. The page shows no title, date or reporter byline, only a contributing freelance producer."
},
{
"source_id": "olympus-s6",
"organization_id": "olympus",
"issuer": "CNN Money",
"title": "Ex-Olympus executives sentenced for fraud",
"date": "Not shown on the page. URL dated 3 July 2013",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://money.cnn.com/2013/07/03/news/companies/olympus-executives-fraud",
"note": "Reports the sentences, the fine and the presiding judge. No byline is shown. It does not give the date of the guilty pleas."
},
{
"source_id": "olympus-s7",
"organization_id": "olympus",
"issuer": "The Register",
"title": "Olympus trio escape jail but firm fined £4.6 MEEELION",
"date": "4 July 2013",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.theregister.com/2013/07/04/olympus_scandal_prison_execs/",
"note": "Report by Phil Muncaster on the guilty pleas, suspended terms and fine. It does not cover any appeal."
},
{
"source_id": "olympus-s8",
"organization_id": "olympus",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Medical Equipment Company Will Pay $646 Million for Making Illegal Payments to Doctors and Hospitals in United States and Latin America",
"date": "1 March 2016",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/medical-equipment-company-will-pay-646-million-making-illegal-payments-doctors-and-hospitals",
"note": "Supports the charges, the deferred prosecution agreements and the amounts for the two US subsidiaries. It does not cover the Tokyo parent or later disposition."
},
{
"source_id": "olympus-s9",
"organization_id": "olympus",
"issuer": "Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission, Japan",
"title": "Recommendation in relation to false statements in annual securities reports, etc. of Olympus Corporation",
"date": "13 April 2012",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.fsa.go.jp/sesc/english/news/reco/20120413-1.htm",
"note": "The securities regulator's watchdog recommended administrative monetary penalties of JPY 191,819,994 for false statements that overstated consolidated net assets. It is a recommendation, not the final penalty order, and it does not cover the criminal case."
},
{
"source_id": "onecoin-s1",
"organization_id": "onecoin",
"issuer": "US Attorney's Office, Southern District of New York",
"title": "Co-Founder Of Multibillion-Dollar Cryptocurrency Scheme \"OneCoin\" Sentenced To 20 Years In Prison",
"date": "12 September 2023",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/co-founder-multibillion-dollar-cryptocurrency-scheme-onecoin-sentenced-20-years-prison",
"note": "Supports the 20 year sentence, the forfeiture, the scheme size and that Ignatova remains at large. Does not establish Ignatova's personal guilt."
},
{
"source_id": "onecoin-s2",
"organization_id": "onecoin",
"issuer": "US Attorney's Office, Southern District of New York, via IRS Criminal Investigation",
"title": "Co-founder of multibillion-dollar cryptocurrency pyramid scheme \"OneCoin\" pleads guilty",
"date": "16 December 2022",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.irs.gov/node/117576",
"note": "Supports the guilty plea counts, the no true blockchain and worthless coin findings, and the pyramid scheme description."
},
{
"source_id": "onecoin-s3",
"organization_id": "onecoin",
"issuer": "Federal Bureau of Investigation",
"title": "Ruja Ignatova, Ten Most Wanted Fugitives",
"date": "30 June 2022",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/ruja-ignatova",
"note": "Supports the Ten Most Wanted listing, the reward and the fugitive status. Charges listed are allegations, not findings."
},
{
"source_id": "onecoin-s4",
"organization_id": "onecoin",
"issuer": "US Attorney's Office, Southern District of New York",
"title": "Manhattan U.S. Attorney Announces Charges Against Leaders Of \"OneCoin,\" A Multibillion-Dollar Pyramid Scheme",
"date": "8 March 2019",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/manhattan-us-attorney-announces-charges-against-leaders-onecoin-multibillion-dollar",
"note": "Supports the charges against Ignatova, that she remains at large, and the FBI no real value statement. The charges are allegations."
},
{
"source_id": "onecoin-s5",
"organization_id": "onecoin",
"issuer": "The Sofia Globe",
"title": "OneCoin: Reports of money laundering 'untrue and misleading'",
"date": "23 January 2018",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://sofiaglobe.com/2018/01/23/onecoin-reports-of-money-laundering-untrue-and-misleading/",
"note": "Records OneCoin's company denial. Used for the origin of the denial claim, not as proof the denial was true."
},
{
"source_id": "onecoin-s6",
"organization_id": "onecoin",
"issuer": "The Sofia Globe",
"title": "Bulgaria to lay charges, seize property of 'cryptoqueen' Ignatova",
"date": "26 June 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://sofiaglobe.com/?p=119525",
"note": "Reports Bulgaria's plan to charge Ignatova in absentia and a US reward of up to US$5 million. Colour and later development only."
},
{
"source_id": "onecoin-s7",
"organization_id": "onecoin",
"issuer": "US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit",
"title": "United States v. Scott, United States v. Greenwood, Summary Order, Nos. 23-7199(L), 24-368",
"date": "31 January 2025",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://ww3.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/isysquery/3c0873ff-94aa-45b1-9edd-3a245d79b6a3/1/doc/23-7199_so.pdf",
"note": "Affirms Greenwood's 240 month sentence on appeal. Settles that the sentence is final."
},
{
"source_id": "petrobras-s1",
"organization_id": "petrobras",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras Agrees to Pay More Than $850 Million for FCPA Violations",
"date": "27 September 2018",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/petr-leo-brasileiro-sa-petrobras-agrees-pay-more-850-million-fcpa-violations",
"note": "Supports the non-prosecution agreement, the penalty split and the described conduct. The en dash in the original title is shown as a hyphen."
},
{
"source_id": "petrobras-s2",
"organization_id": "petrobras",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "Petrobras Reaches Settlement With SEC for Misleading Investors",
"date": "27 September 2018",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2018-215",
"note": "Supports the SEC charge and the amounts with offsets. It states no admit or deny language."
},
{
"source_id": "petrobras-s3",
"organization_id": "petrobras",
"issuer": "Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras",
"title": "Petrobras Signs Agreement in Principle to Settle Class Action in the U.S.",
"date": "3 January 2018",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1119639/000130901418000011/htm_11841.htm",
"note": "Company statement of the class action terms and its victim position."
},
{
"source_id": "petrobras-s4",
"organization_id": "petrobras",
"issuer": "Poder360",
"title": "Entenda o processo de delação da Odebrecht anulado por Toffoli",
"date": "6 September 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.poder360.com.br/justica/entenda-o-processo-de-delacao-da-odebrecht-anulado-por-toffoli/",
"note": "Explainer by Anna Júlia Lopes on the Toffoli decision. It does not say whether the decision was appealed."
},
{
"source_id": "petrobras-s5",
"organization_id": "petrobras",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "In the Matter of Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras, Order Instituting Cease-and-Desist Proceedings",
"date": "27 September 2018",
"type": "Regulator order",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/2018/33-10561.pdf",
"note": "SEC order in File No. 3-18843 with disgorgement of US$711 million, interest of US$222,473,797 and a US$853.2 million penalty. The order records that Petrobras admits the Commission's jurisdiction. The fetched text showed no admit or deny wording. The en dash in the original caption is shown as a hyphen."
},
{
"source_id": "petrobras-s6",
"organization_id": "petrobras",
"issuer": "Gazeta do Povo",
"title": "Decisoes de Toffoli sobre Odebrecht duram meses sem previsao de julgamento no STF",
"date": "24 May 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/republica/decisoes-de-toffoli-sobre-odebrecht-duram-meses-sem-previsao-de-julgamento-no-stf/",
"note": "Report by Renan Ramalho. It says the prosecutors' appeal against the September 2023 decision had not been decided and the Second Panel review was put off at a justice's request. The title is taken from the page address, without accents, as the headline text was not captured."
},
{
"source_id": "pwc-s1",
"organization_id": "pwc",
"issuer": "PwC China",
"title": "Statement of PwC China and PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian LLP Regarding the Administrative Penalties Announced by the Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China and the China Securities Regulatory Commission over the Audits of Hengda Real Estate Group Company Limited",
"date": "13 September 2024",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://pwccn.com/en/press-room/press-releases/pr-130924.html",
"note": "The firm's acceptance of the penalties and its personnel steps. It does not state the penalty amounts or the suspension."
},
{
"source_id": "pwc-s2",
"organization_id": "pwc",
"issuer": "Reuters, republished by Investing.com",
"title": "China hits PwC with six month ban and large fine in record penalty over Evergrande audit",
"date": "13 September 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://investing.com/news/economy-news/china-imposes-sixmonth-business-suspension-on-pwcs-auditing-unit-in-mainland-china-3614838",
"note": "Report by Julie Zhu and Xie Yu quoting the CSRC wording. It replaces a CNN page whose real title could not be read."
},
{
"source_id": "pwc-s3",
"organization_id": "pwc",
"issuer": "Tax Practitioners Board",
"title": "Former PwC partner banned for integrity breach",
"date": "23 January 2023",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.tpb.gov.au/former-pwc-partner-banned-integrity-breach",
"note": "Supports the ban and the finding that PwC breached the law and the Code. It does not address criminal liability."
},
{
"source_id": "pwc-s4",
"organization_id": "pwc",
"issuer": "Senate Finance and Public Administration References Committee",
"title": "PwC: A calculated breach of trust",
"date": "June 2023",
"type": "Commission report",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Finance_and_Public_Administration/Consultingservices/First_PwC_Report",
"note": "Report landing page with title and chapter headings. The full PDF was not read."
},
{
"source_id": "pwc-s5",
"organization_id": "pwc",
"issuer": "The Canberra Times",
"title": "Govt labelled 'gutless' for lifting ban on PwC contracts",
"date": "7 August 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/9035760/",
"note": "Report by Dana Daniel on the Department of Finance decision and the ongoing AFP probe. The Finance report itself was not read."
},
{
"source_id": "pwc-s6",
"organization_id": "pwc",
"issuer": "Caixin Global",
"title": "Hong Kong Court Keeps PwC International in Evergrande Liquidators' $8.6 Billion Lawsuit",
"date": "27 August 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.caixinglobal.com/2026-08-27/hong-kong-court-keeps-pwc-international-in-evergrande-liquidators-86-billion-lawsuit-102478332.html",
"note": "Report by Wang Xiaoqing on the ruling of Wednesday 26 August 2026. It reports allegations in a pending suit, not findings."
},
{
"source_id": "pwc-s7",
"organization_id": "pwc",
"issuer": "China Securities Regulatory Commission",
"title": "中国证监会依法处罚恒大地产审计机构普华永道",
"date": "13 September 2024",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.csrc.gov.cn/csrc/c100028/c7506541/content.shtml",
"note": "Supports the CSRC amounts and the 2019 and 2020 audits. It does not contain the condoned wording."
},
{
"source_id": "pwc-s8",
"organization_id": "pwc",
"issuer": "Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China",
"title": "财政部对普华永道作出行政处罚决定",
"date": "13 September 2024",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://jdjc.mof.gov.cn/jianchagonggao/202409/t20240913_3943763.htm",
"note": "Supports the RMB 116 million penalty over the 2018 audit and the six month suspension."
},
{
"source_id": "pwc-s9",
"organization_id": "pwc",
"issuer": "PwC International",
"title": "PwC Network statement on PwC China Evergrande matter",
"date": "13 September 2024",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/news-room/press-releases/2024/pwc-network-statement-regarding-pwc-zhong-tian-administrative-penalties.html",
"note": "The network's own view of the Hengda audit work. It is the company's account."
},
{
"source_id": "privinvest-s1",
"organization_id": "privinvest",
"issuer": "US Attorney's Office, Eastern District of New York",
"title": "Former Finance Minister of Mozambique Convicted of Fraud and Money Laundering in $2 Billion Scheme",
"date": "8 August 2024",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-edny/pr/former-finance-minister-mozambique-convicted-fraud-and-money-laundering-2-billion",
"note": "Supports Chang's conviction, the Privinvest role and the bribe figures. It does not convict the company or Boustani."
},
{
"source_id": "privinvest-s2",
"organization_id": "privinvest",
"issuer": "US Attorney's Office, Eastern District of New York",
"title": "Former Finance Minister of Mozambique Sentenced to 102 Months' Imprisonment for His Role in $2 Billion Scheme",
"date": "17 January 2025",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-edny/pr/former-finance-minister-mozambique-sentenced-102-months-imprisonment-his-role-2",
"note": "Supports the 102 month sentence and the US$7 million forfeiture. Restitution was left for a later date."
},
{
"source_id": "privinvest-s3",
"organization_id": "privinvest",
"issuer": "US Attorney's Office, Eastern District of New York",
"title": "Three Former Mozambican Government Officials and Five Business Executives Indicted",
"date": "7 March 2019",
"type": "Indictment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-edny/pr/three-former-mozambican-government-officials-and-five-business-executives-indicted",
"note": "Supports the charges against Boustani and others and Privinvest's named role. An indictment is an allegation, not a finding."
},
{
"source_id": "privinvest-s4",
"organization_id": "privinvest",
"issuer": "High Court of Justice, Commercial Court (National Archives)",
"title": "The Republic of Mozambique v Credit Suisse International and others [2024] EWHC 1957 (Comm)",
"date": "29 July 2024",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ewhc/comm/2024/1957",
"note": "Records payments by Privinvest Shipbuilding SAL accepted by the group and Safa, and Safa's death after trial. We did not read every concluding paragraph."
},
{
"source_id": "privinvest-s5",
"organization_id": "privinvest",
"issuer": "High Court of Justice, Commercial Court (National Archives)",
"title": "The Republic of Mozambique v Credit Suisse International & Ors [2024] EWHC 3188 (Comm)",
"date": "10 December 2024",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ewhc/comm/2024/3188",
"note": "Judgment 13 refusing the Privinvest companies permission to appeal and ordering costs on account. It does not restate the damages sum."
},
{
"source_id": "privinvest-s6",
"organization_id": "privinvest",
"issuer": "White & Case LLP (for the Republic of Mozambique)",
"title": "White & Case secures critical settlements for Republic of Mozambique in long-running multibillion-dollar debt dispute",
"date": "30 July 2024",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.whitecase.com/news/press-release/white-case-secures-critical-settlements-republic-mozambique-long-running",
"note": "Counsel for Mozambique states the bribery finding against Privinvest. It is a party statement and gives no damages figure."
},
{
"source_id": "privinvest-s7",
"organization_id": "privinvest",
"issuer": "Reuters (via CNBC Africa), reporter Sam Tobin",
"title": "UPDATE 1-Mozambique 'substantially' wins UK lawsuit against Privinvest over 'tuna bond' scandal",
"date": "29 July 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://cnbcafrica.com/wire/645690",
"note": "Reports the just over US$825 million award against Safa and Privinvest and the group's denial. Press colour, not the primary record."
},
{
"source_id": "privinvest-s8",
"organization_id": "privinvest",
"issuer": "Daily Maverick (Bloomberg wire)",
"title": "Salesman cleared in $2-billion Mozambican scam in blow to U.S.",
"date": "3 December 2019",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-12-02-salesman-cleared-in-2-billion-mozambican-scam-in-blow-to-u-s/",
"note": "Reports the Brooklyn jury acquittal of Boustani on all three counts. Press report of a sealed verdict."
},
{
"source_id": "privinvest-s9",
"organization_id": "privinvest",
"issuer": "Agencia de Informacao de Mocambique (AIM), reporter Alberto Massango",
"title": "Hidden Debts: Privinvest appeal against Mozambique dismissed",
"date": "17 May 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://aimnews.org/2026/05/17/hidden-debts-privinvest-appeal-against-mozambique-dismissed/",
"note": "Reports the appeal dismissal and the judgment now final against Privinvest entities. Its about US$1.9 billion figure is higher than the just over US$825 million Privinvest award Reuters reports (S7), so we do not rely on it. Press report, not the court order."
},
{
"source_id": "privinvest-s10",
"organization_id": "privinvest",
"issuer": "Plataforma (citing Lusa)",
"title": "Mozambique's former finance minister released from US prison",
"date": "30 March 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.plataformamedia.com/en/2026/03/30/manuel-chang-released-us-prison/",
"note": "Reports Chang left US custody by late March 2026 ahead of return to Mozambique. Press report on custody status, not the conviction."
},
{
"source_id": "privinvest-s11",
"organization_id": "privinvest",
"issuer": "Peters & Peters Solicitors LLP (for the Republic of Mozambique), reporter Brian McDonald",
"title": "Tuna Bonds appeal successfully struck out",
"date": "13 May 2026",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.petersandpeters.com/2026/05/13/tuna-bonds-appeal-successfully-struck-out/",
"note": "Counsel for Mozambique reports the Court of Appeal struck out the Privinvest appeal by order of 6 May 2026 after the group did not meet security terms, so the July 2024 judgment is final against the Privinvest corporate entities. It states no damages figure."
},
{
"source_id": "p-and-id-s1",
"organization_id": "p-and-id",
"issuer": "High Court of Justice, Commercial Court, via The National Archives",
"title": "The Federal Republic of Nigeria v Process & Industrial Developments Limited [2023] EWHC 2638 (Comm)",
"date": "23 October 2023",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ewhc/comm/2023/2638",
"note": "Supports the award amount and the findings on bribes at paragraphs 10, 40, 170 and 177. The conclusion section could not be retrieved in the text read for this review."
},
{
"source_id": "p-and-id-s2",
"organization_id": "p-and-id",
"issuer": "UK Supreme Court",
"title": "Process & Industrial Developments Limited (Appellant) v The Federal Republic of Nigeria (Respondent)",
"date": "22 October 2025",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/judgments/uksc-2024-0117",
"note": "Records the awards, the set aside for fraud and the costs appeals. The appeal concerned only the currency of costs."
},
{
"source_id": "p-and-id-s3",
"organization_id": "p-and-id",
"issuer": "Peoples Gazette (Olumayowa Samuel, citing Reuters)",
"title": "UK court overturns $11 billion damages bill for collapsed gas deal against Nigeria",
"date": "23 October 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://gazettengr.com/?p=217905",
"note": "Reports the ruling, the judge's words and P&ID's denial. It is not a court record."
},
{
"source_id": "p-and-id-s4",
"organization_id": "p-and-id",
"issuer": "Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, Nigeria",
"title": "Court Convicts Two P&ID Directors for Fraud, Wind up Company...Assets forfeited to FG",
"date": "19 September 2019",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.efccnigeria.org/efcc/news-and-information/news-release/4844-court-convicts-two-p-id-directors-for-fraud-wind-up-company-assets-forfeited-to-fg",
"note": "Prosecutor's account of the 2019 convictions and orders. It is not the court order and gives no sentences."
},
{
"source_id": "p-and-id-s5",
"organization_id": "p-and-id",
"issuer": "Judiciary of England and Wales",
"title": "The Federal Republic of Nigeria -v- Process & Industrial Developments Limited",
"date": "23 October 2023",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/the-federal-republic-of-nigeria-v-process-industrial-developments-limited/",
"note": "Judgment page giving the date, judge, citation and claim numbers. It holds no findings in the text read."
},
{
"source_id": "p-and-id-s6",
"organization_id": "p-and-id",
"issuer": "Court of Appeal of England and Wales (Civil Division), via The National Archives",
"title": "The Federal Republic of Nigeria v Process and Industrial Developments Ltd & Anor",
"date": "10 June 2025",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ewca/civ/2025/715",
"note": "[2025] EWCA Civ 715. Paragraph 2 summarises the 2023 findings on false evidence, bribes during the arbitration and retained legal documents. The application concerned findings about a lawyer who acted for P&ID."
},
{
"source_id": "p-and-id-s7",
"organization_id": "p-and-id",
"issuer": "Essex Court Chambers",
"title": "Court of Appeal rejects appeal to remove critical findings",
"date": "10 June 2025",
"type": "Academic paper",
"tier": "D",
"url": "https://essexcourt.com/court-of-appeal-rejects-appeal-to-remove-critical-findings/",
"note": "Chambers note reporting that the Court of Appeal refused permission to appeal findings about a lawyer for P&ID. It is not the judgment."
},
{
"source_id": "purdue-pharma-s1",
"organization_id": "purdue-pharma",
"issuer": "US Senate Committee on the Judiciary (testimony of the US Attorney for the Western District of Virginia)",
"title": "Testimony of The Honorable John L. Brownlee",
"date": "31 July 2007",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Brownlee%20Testimony%20073107.pdf",
"note": "Prosecutor's sworn account of the 2007 plea, the label wording and the falsity of the marketing claims. It is not the plea agreement itself."
},
{
"source_id": "purdue-pharma-s2",
"organization_id": "purdue-pharma",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Opioid Manufacturer Purdue Pharma Pleads Guilty to Fraud and Kickback Conspiracies",
"date": "24 November 2020",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/opioid-manufacturer-purdue-pharma-pleads-guilty-fraud-and-kickback-conspiracies",
"note": "Reports the 2020 plea counts and agreed amounts. It does not report sentencing."
},
{
"source_id": "purdue-pharma-s3",
"organization_id": "purdue-pharma",
"issuer": "Supreme Court of the United States",
"title": "Harrington v. Purdue Pharma L.P., No. 23-124, slip opinion",
"date": "27 June 2024",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/23-124_8nk0.pdf",
"note": "Holds that nonconsensual releases of claims against nondebtors are not authorized. It does not address the later plan."
},
{
"source_id": "purdue-pharma-s4",
"organization_id": "purdue-pharma",
"issuer": "Purdue Pharma L.P. via Business Wire",
"title": "Bankruptcy Court to Confirm Purdue Pharma’s Plan of Reorganization",
"date": "14 November 2025",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20251114084437/en/Bankruptcy-Court-to-Confirm-Purdue-Pharma%E2%80%99s-Plan-of-Reorganization",
"note": "Company account of the court's indication of approval and the plan amounts. It is not the confirmation order."
},
{
"source_id": "purdue-pharma-s5",
"organization_id": "purdue-pharma",
"issuer": "Knoa Pharma via Business Wire",
"title": "Knoa Pharma Begins Operations as a New, Public Health-Focused Company Dedicated to Supporting Patients and Abating the Opioid Crisis",
"date": "30 April 2026",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260430548864/en/Knoa-Pharma-Begins-Operations-as-a-New-Public-Health-Focused-Company-Dedicated-to-Supporting-Patients-and-Abating-the-Opioid-Crisis",
"note": "Successor company statement that Purdue ceased operations on 1 May 2026. The page shows no dateline, and the date is taken from the release URL."
},
{
"source_id": "purdue-pharma-s6",
"organization_id": "purdue-pharma",
"issuer": "US District Court for the Northern District of Ohio (notice filed by the Sackler parties in MDL No. 2804, hosted by NAAG)",
"title": "Notice of Bankruptcy Court Order Confirming Bankruptcy Plan and Enjoining Continuation of Proceedings as to Debtor Purdue Pharma, L.P., Affiliated Debtors, and Related Parties",
"date": "21 November 2025",
"type": "Court filing",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.naag.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2025.11.21-MDL-Notice-of-Bankruptcy-Court-Order-Confirming-Bankruptcy-Plan.pdf",
"note": "Court filing that cites the confirmation order of 18 November 2025 in case 19-23649 (SHL), ECF No. 8263. It is a party notice, not the order itself."
},
{
"source_id": "purdue-pharma-s7",
"organization_id": "purdue-pharma",
"issuer": "Associated Press (via PBS News)",
"title": "Judge formally approves opioid settlement for Purdue Pharma and Sackler family members who own the company",
"date": "18 November 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/judge-formally-approves-opioid-settlement-for-purdue-pharma-and-sackler-family-members-who-own-the-company",
"note": "Report by Geoff Mulvihill that US Bankruptcy Judge Sean Lane formally approved the plan on 18 November 2025."
},
{
"source_id": "purdue-pharma-s8",
"organization_id": "purdue-pharma",
"issuer": "US Food and Drug Administration",
"title": "Timeline of Selected FDA Activities and Significant Events Addressing Substance Use and Overdose Prevention",
"date": "Last updated 28 August 2026",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.fda.gov/drugs/food-and-drug-administration-overdose-prevention-framework/timeline-selected-fda-activities-and-significant-events-addressing-substance-use-and-overdose",
"note": "FDA timeline dating the approval of OxyContin to December 1995. It does not quote the original label sentence on abuse liability."
},
{
"source_id": "rio-tinto-s1",
"organization_id": "rio-tinto",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "SEC Charges Rio Tinto plc with Bribery Controls Failures",
"date": "6 March 2023",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2023-46",
"note": "Supports the consultant facts, the charges and the penalty. The findings were not admitted or denied."
},
{
"source_id": "rio-tinto-s2",
"organization_id": "rio-tinto",
"issuer": "Rio Tinto plc",
"title": "Notice to ASX/LSE Rio Tinto resolves legacy U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission FCPA investigation",
"date": "6 March 2023",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/863064/000162828023006596/ex01secresolution.htm",
"note": "Company statement of the settlement terms. It says nothing on the SFO or ASIC."
},
{
"source_id": "rio-tinto-s3",
"organization_id": "rio-tinto",
"issuer": "Bloomberg Law",
"title": "UK Closes Long-Running Rio Tinto, ENRC Probes With No Charge (3)",
"date": "24 August 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://news.bloomberglaw.com/esg/uk-closes-long-running-rio-tinto-enrc-probes-with-no-charge-3",
"note": "Report by Katharine Gemmell on the SFO closure and its stated reason."
},
{
"source_id": "rio-tinto-s4",
"organization_id": "rio-tinto",
"issuer": "Parliament of Australia, House of Representatives",
"title": "Never Again",
"date": "9 December 2020",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/House_of_Representatives/About_the_House_News/Media_Releases/Never_Again",
"note": "Committee media release on the interim report. It does not set out the full findings. The report page on aph.gov.au loaded without text."
},
{
"source_id": "rio-tinto-s5",
"organization_id": "rio-tinto",
"issuer": "Al Jazeera",
"title": "'Never again': Rio Tinto blasted over Juukan Gorge destruction",
"date": "10 December 2020",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/10/rio-tinto-government-faulted-for-blast-at-aboriginal-caves",
"note": "Reports the recommendations and Rio Tinto's response. No byline is shown, and the core facts agree with the committee release."
},
{
"source_id": "rio-tinto-s6",
"organization_id": "rio-tinto",
"issuer": "Mining Weekly",
"title": "Rio Tinto reaches settlement with ASIC over Moz coal disclosures",
"date": "7 March 2022",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.miningweekly.com/article/rio-tinto-reaches-settlement-with-asic-over-moz-coal-disclosures-2022-03-07",
"note": "Report by Tasneem Bulbulia on the ASIC settlement terms and Rio Tinto's characterisation."
},
{
"source_id": "rio-tinto-s7",
"organization_id": "rio-tinto",
"issuer": "Serious Fraud Office",
"title": "Rio Tinto group",
"date": "24 August 2023",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://cymraeg.sfo.gov.uk/?p=17002",
"note": "SFO case page, first published 24 July 2017 and updated 24 August 2023, read on the SFO's Welsh language site. Supports the opening, the closure on public interest grounds and a live Australian Federal Police investigation as of August 2023."
},
{
"source_id": "rio-tinto-s8",
"organization_id": "rio-tinto",
"issuer": "Parliament of Australia, House of Representatives",
"title": "A Way Forward",
"date": "18 October 2021",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/House_of_Representatives/About_the_House_News/Media_Releases/A_Way_Forward",
"note": "Committee media release on the final Juukan Gorge report and its eight recommendations on heritage law. It does not name Rio Tinto."
},
{
"source_id": "sp-global-ratings-s1",
"organization_id": "sp-global-ratings",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Justice Department and State Partners Secure $1.375 Billion Settlement with S&P for Defrauding Investors in the Lead Up to the Financial Crisis",
"date": "3 February 2015",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-and-state-partners-secure-1375-billion-settlement-sp-defrauding-investors",
"note": "Supports the amount, the split, the agreed facts and the retraction of the retaliation claim. It does not state that S&P admitted a violation of law."
},
{
"source_id": "sp-global-ratings-s2",
"organization_id": "sp-global-ratings",
"issuer": "McGraw Hill Financial",
"title": "McGraw Hill Financial And S&P Ratings Reach Settlements With DOJ, Attorneys General Of 19 States And District Of Columbia And With CalPERS",
"date": "3 February 2015",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://press.spglobal.com/2015-02-03-McGraw-Hill-Financial-And-S-P-Ratings-Reach-Settlements-With-DOJ-Attorneys-General-Of-19-States-And-District-Of-Columbia-And-With-CalPERS",
"note": "Company statement giving the payments, including US$125 million to CalPERS, and saying there were no findings of violations of law. It is the company's own account."
},
{
"source_id": "sp-global-ratings-s3",
"organization_id": "sp-global-ratings",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "SEC Charges Six Credit Rating Agencies with Significant Recordkeeping Failures",
"date": "3 September 2024",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2024-114",
"note": "Supports the US$20 million penalty and the admission of facts. It does not address the quality of any rating."
},
{
"source_id": "sp-global-ratings-s4",
"organization_id": "sp-global-ratings",
"issuer": "S&P Global Ratings",
"title": "S&P Global Ratings Reaches Settlement With SEC",
"date": "3 September 2024",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://press.spglobal.com/2024-09-03-S-P-Global-Ratings-Reaches-Settlement-With-SEC",
"note": "Company confirmation of the SEC settlement and its description of itself as a division of S&P Global. It is the company's own account."
},
{
"source_id": "sp-global-ratings-s5",
"organization_id": "sp-global-ratings",
"issuer": "Reuters, republished by Daily FT",
"title": "US launches civil action against S&P over pre-crisis ratings",
"date": "6 February 2013",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.ft.lk/Financial-Services/us-launches-civil-action-against-sp-over-pre-crisis-ratings/42-133989",
"note": "Reuters wire copy with no individual byline. Supports S&P's denial and its past free speech argument as paraphrased by Reuters."
},
{
"source_id": "sp-global-ratings-s6",
"organization_id": "sp-global-ratings",
"issuer": "Associated Press, republished by Arab News",
"title": "S&P says US government’s lawsuit is ‘retaliation’",
"date": "4 September 2013",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.arabnews.com/news/463529",
"note": "AP report that S&P called the suit retaliation for the 2011 downgrade of the United States. It records the argument, not any ruling on it."
},
{
"source_id": "sp-global-ratings-s7",
"organization_id": "sp-global-ratings",
"issuer": "Daily Journal",
"title": "Judge denies Standard & Poor's bid to dismiss $5 billion civil suit",
"date": "19 July 2013",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://dailyjournal.com/article/272081-judge-denies-standard-poor-s-bid-to-dismiss-5-billion-civil-suit",
"note": "Report by Henry Meier on the denial of the motion to dismiss late on Tuesday 16 July 2013. The reasoning is behind a paywall and the order itself was not read."
},
{
"source_id": "sp-global-ratings-s8",
"organization_id": "sp-global-ratings",
"issuer": "NPR",
"title": "S&P Pays Nearly $1.38B To Settle Mortgage Crisis Claims",
"date": "3 February 2015",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/02/03/383501044/s-p-pay-nearly-1-38b-to-settle-mortgage-crisis-claims",
"note": "Repeats the company's no findings wording and says the settlements are not subject to court approval. No byline or date is shown and the date comes from the URL."
},
{
"source_id": "satyam-s1",
"organization_id": "satyam",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "SEC Charges India-Based Affiliates of PWC for Role in Satyam Accounting Fraud",
"date": "5 April 2011",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press/2011/2011-82.htm",
"note": "Supports the settlements with Satyam and the PwC India affiliates. It gives no figure for the cash gap and the page read does not state admit or deny terms."
},
{
"source_id": "satyam-s2",
"organization_id": "satyam",
"issuer": "Satyam Computer Services (filed with the US SEC)",
"title": "EX-99.2 Resignation letter from Mr. B. Ramalinga Raju",
"date": "7 January 2009",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1106056/000114554909000025/u00107exv99w2.htm",
"note": "The founder's letter as filed by the company. It is his own account, later disputed by his defence."
},
{
"source_id": "satyam-s3",
"organization_id": "satyam",
"issuer": "The News Minute",
"title": "The confession letter Ramalinga Raju wrote in 2009, and later denied",
"date": "9 March 2015",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/confession-letter-ramalinga-raju-wrote-2009-and-later-denied-23332",
"note": "Reports the July 2010 defence denial. It does not report how the court treated the letter."
},
{
"source_id": "satyam-s4",
"organization_id": "satyam",
"issuer": "The News Minute",
"title": "Hyderabad court dismisses Satyam case convicts' appeal",
"date": "21 April 2015",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/hyderabad-court-dismisses-satyam-case-convicts-appeal-29554",
"note": "Reports an early petition rejected for lack of jurisdiction on a Monday, 20 April 2015. It gives a fine of Rs 5.5 crore each, which differs from S5. It is not a ruling on the merits."
},
{
"source_id": "satyam-s5",
"organization_id": "satyam",
"issuer": "Business Standard (Press Trust of India)",
"title": "Satyam's Raju, 9 others get bail, sentences suspended by court",
"date": "11 May 2015",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/satyam-s-raju-9-others-get-bail-sentences-suspended-by-court-115051101014_1.html",
"note": "Reports the April 2015 sentence and the May 2015 suspension and bail. It does not cover later appeal hearings."
},
{
"source_id": "satyam-s6",
"organization_id": "satyam",
"issuer": "Business Standard (Press Trust of India)",
"title": "Satyam case: SAT asks Sebi to pass fresh order on Raju's punishment",
"date": "12 May 2017",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/satyam-case-sat-asks-sebi-to-pass-fresh-order-on-raju-s-punishment-117051201595_1.html",
"note": "Reports the 2014 SEBI order and the May 2017 tribunal remand. The day of the tribunal order is given inconsistently. Its amounts were later replaced."
},
{
"source_id": "satyam-s7",
"organization_id": "satyam",
"issuer": "Business Standard",
"title": "Satyam Computer case: Sebi lowers disgorgement amount to Rs 622 crore",
"date": "1 December 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.business-standard.com/markets/news/market-regulator-sebi-lowers-disgorgement-amount-in-satyam-computer-case-123120100766_1.html",
"note": "Report by Khushboo Tiwari on the 2018 and 2023 SEBI orders. It does not cover any appeal against the 2023 order."
},
{
"source_id": "satyam-s8",
"organization_id": "satyam",
"issuer": "National Stock Exchange of India (Investigation Department)",
"title": "SEBI Order in the matter of Satyam Computers Services Limited",
"date": "1 December 2023",
"type": "Regulator order",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://nsearchives.nseindia.com/content/circulars/INVG59563.pdf",
"note": "NSE circular 248/2023 forwarding SEBI order WTM/AN/SRO/SRO/29840/2023-24 of 30 November 2023 and listing market bans, including one till 14 July 2028. The part read does not state the final disgorgement figure."
},
{
"source_id": "shell-s1",
"organization_id": "shell",
"issuer": "Courthouse News Service (Cain Burdeau)",
"title": "Shell, Eni Acquitted in Massive Corruption Trial",
"date": "March 2021",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.courthousenews.com/shell-eni-acquitted-in-massive-corruption-trial/",
"note": "Reports the Milan acquittal of Shell, Eni and executives. It does not give the court's reasons."
},
{
"source_id": "shell-s2",
"organization_id": "shell",
"issuer": "Africanews (with AFP)",
"title": "Nigeria: Shell admits to paying bribes to former petroleum minister",
"date": "10 April 2017",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.africanews.com/2017/04/10/nigeria-shell-admits-to-paying-bribes-to-former-petroleum-minister/",
"note": "Origin of the admission headline. The body reports Shell's denial and does not show an admission of bribery."
},
{
"source_id": "shell-s3",
"organization_id": "shell",
"issuer": "The African Mirror (Emilio Parodi, citing Reuters)",
"title": "Italy prosecutors abandon $1.3 billion Eni Nigeria graft appeal",
"date": "20 July 2022",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://theafricanmirror.africa/news/italy-prosecutors-abandon-1-3-billion-eni-nigeria-graft-appeal/",
"note": "Reuters-sourced report that prosecutors dropped the criminal appeal, which makes the acquittals final. It replaces an undated Energy Voice page with no headline shown. It carries no Shell statement."
},
{
"source_id": "shell-s4",
"organization_id": "shell",
"issuer": "Leigh Day",
"title": "High Court trial finds Shell plc and former Nigerian subsidiary can be held legally responsible for legacy oil pollution in Nigeria",
"date": "20 June 2025",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "D",
"url": "https://www.leighday.co.uk/news/press-releases/2025-news/high-court-trial-finds-shell-plc-and-its-former-nigerian-subsidiary-can-be-held-legally-responsible-for-legacy-oil-pollution-in-nigeria/",
"note": "Statement by the claimants' law firm on the preliminary issues ruling and the 2027 trial. It is a party account. The judgment itself is S9."
},
{
"source_id": "shell-s5",
"organization_id": "shell",
"issuer": "Court of Appeal of The Hague (rechtspraak.nl)",
"title": "Shell Nigeria liable for oil spills in Nigeria",
"date": "29 January 2021",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.rechtspraak.nl/organisatie-en-contact/organisatie/gerechtshoven/gerechtshof-den-haag/nieuws/2021/01/shell-nigeria-liable-for-oil-spills-in-nigeria",
"note": "Court release on the liability and sabotage findings for each site. It does not set compensation."
},
{
"source_id": "shell-s6",
"organization_id": "shell",
"issuer": "Al Jazeera (Reuters)",
"title": "Shell to pay $15m settlement over oil spills in Nigeria",
"date": "23 December 2022",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2022/12/23/shell-to-pay-15-mln-euros-in-settlement-over-nigerian-oil-spills",
"note": "Reports the EUR 15 million settlement and Shell's sabotage view. It is not the settlement text."
},
{
"source_id": "shell-s7",
"organization_id": "shell",
"issuer": "The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom",
"title": "Okpabi and others (Appellants) v Royal Dutch Shell Plc and another (Respondents)",
"date": "12 February 2021",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/uksc-2018-0068",
"note": "Case page giving the parties, the judgment date and the citation [2021] UKSC 3."
},
{
"source_id": "shell-s8",
"organization_id": "shell",
"issuer": "The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom",
"title": "Press Summary: Okpabi and others (Appellants) v Royal Dutch Shell Plc and another (Respondents) [2021] UKSC 3",
"date": "12 February 2021",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://supremecourt.uk/uploads/uksc_2018_0068_press_summary_b8c79b715a.pdf",
"note": "Official press summary. The Court allowed the appeal and held the Court of Appeal majority wrong to find no real issue to be tried. It decides jurisdiction, not liability."
},
{
"source_id": "shell-s9",
"organization_id": "shell",
"issuer": "High Court of Justice, King's Bench Division (The National Archives Find Case Law)",
"title": "Alame & Ors v Shell PLC & Anor",
"date": "20 June 2025",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ewhc/kb/2025/1539",
"note": "Judgment of Mrs Justice May, [2025] EWHC 1539 (KB), on 24 preliminary issues ahead of the main trial. The second defendant is named as Renaissance Africa Energy Company Limited, formerly SPDC. It does not decide liability for any spill."
},
{
"source_id": "siemens-s1",
"organization_id": "siemens",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Siemens AG and Three Subsidiaries Plead Guilty to Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Violations and Agree to Pay $450 Million in Combined Criminal Fines",
"date": "15 December 2008",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/archive/opa/pr/2008/December/08-crm-1105.html",
"note": "Supports the pleas, the charges, the amounts and the split of payments. It does not cover the Greek proceedings."
},
{
"source_id": "siemens-s2",
"organization_id": "siemens",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "SEC Charges Siemens AG for Engaging in Worldwide Bribery",
"date": "15 December 2008",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press/2008/2008-294.htm",
"note": "States the SEC allegations and the settlement without admission or denial. Its figures are allegations, not findings."
},
{
"source_id": "siemens-s3",
"organization_id": "siemens",
"issuer": "Siemens AG",
"title": "Siemens and the Hellenic Republic reach a settlement agreement and mark a new beginning",
"date": "5 April 2012",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://assets.new.siemens.com/siemens/assets/api/uuid:1558b890-c294-4163-a1c0-00b6634bb739/AXX20120420e.pdf",
"note": "Company account of the Greek settlement and its parts. It contains no admission and is not an official Greek record."
},
{
"source_id": "siemens-s4",
"organization_id": "siemens",
"issuer": "Ethnos",
"title": "Court hands down maximum sentence for several found guilty in Siemens case",
"date": "2 December 2019",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.ethnos.gr/englishversion/amp/75292/courthandsdownmaximumsentenceforseveralfoundguiltyinsiemenscase",
"note": "Reports the first-instance sentences under a newsroom byline. Its account was overtaken by the 2022 appeal ruling."
},
{
"source_id": "siemens-s5",
"organization_id": "siemens",
"issuer": "PowerGame.gr (newsroom, citing ANA-MPA)",
"title": "Υπόθεση Siemens: Aθώοι όλοι οι κατηγορούμενοι λόγω παραγραφής",
"date": "26 September 2022",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.powergame.gr/ellada/309950/ypothesi-siemens-athooi-oloi-oi-katigoroumenoi-logo-paragrafis/",
"note": "Greek newsroom report citing the Athens News Agency on the appeal ruling. Its headline says all were acquitted on limitation grounds, but its text describes a mix of limitation and merits rulings. The fact rests on the national news agency."
},
{
"source_id": "stanford-financial-s1",
"organization_id": "stanford-financial",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "SEC Charges R. Allen Stanford, Stanford International Bank for Multi-Billion Dollar Investment Scheme",
"date": "17 February 2009",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press/2009/2009-26.htm",
"note": "Supports the SEC allegation of an $8 billion CD fraud and the Dallas filing. The 2009 charge was an allegation, not a finding."
},
{
"source_id": "stanford-financial-s2",
"organization_id": "stanford-financial",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Allen Stanford Sentenced to 110 Years in Prison for Orchestrating $7 Billion Investment Fraud Scheme",
"date": "14 June 2012",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/allen-stanford-sentenced-110-years-prison-orchestrating-7-billion-investment-fraud-scheme",
"note": "Supports the jury conviction on 13 of 14 counts, the 110 year sentence and the $7 billion misappropriation. It does not cover the appeal."
},
{
"source_id": "stanford-financial-s3",
"organization_id": "stanford-financial",
"issuer": "JURIST",
"title": "Supreme Court declines to review Stanford's Ponzi scheme conviction",
"date": "November 2016",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.jurist.org/news/2016/11/supreme-court-declines-to-review-stanfords-ponzi-scheme-conviction",
"note": "Supports the denial of certiorari and the Fifth Circuit affirmance of the criminal conviction. It gives no exact ruling dates."
},
{
"source_id": "stanford-financial-s4",
"organization_id": "stanford-financial",
"issuer": "US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit",
"title": "Securities and Exchange Commission v. Robert Allen Stanford, No. 25-10387 (per curiam)",
"date": "1 April 2026",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions/unpub/25/25-10387.0.pdf",
"note": "Supports the affirmance of the civil judgment against Stanford and the use of collateral estoppel from the criminal case. Unpublished."
},
{
"source_id": "stanford-financial-s5",
"organization_id": "stanford-financial",
"issuer": "Supreme Court of the United States",
"title": "Docket for 25-7624, Stanford v. Securities and Exchange Commission",
"date": "5 October 2026",
"type": "Court filing",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/search.aspx?filename=/docket/docketfiles/html/public/25-7624.html",
"note": "Supports the denial of certiorari in the civil case on 5 October 2026 and the chain of appeal dates. It does not state the question presented."
},
{
"source_id": "stanford-financial-s6",
"organization_id": "stanford-financial",
"issuer": "FTI Consulting",
"title": "Recovering $2.7 Billion for 18,000 Victims of the Stanford Ponzi Scheme",
"date": "2025",
"type": "Commissioned report",
"tier": "D",
"url": "https://www.fticonsulting.com/insights/case-studies/recovering-2-7-billion-18000-victims-stanford-ponzi-scheme",
"note": "Forensic firm account of recoveries of $2.7 billion and a first $100 million distribution. It is a self-published case study, not a court order."
},
{
"source_id": "stanford-financial-s7",
"organization_id": "stanford-financial",
"issuer": "Baker Botts LLP (counsel to the receiver)",
"title": "Baker Botts Client Stanford Receiver Collects $1.3 Billion From Bank Litigation Settlements, Bringing Total Receivership Recoveries to More Than $2.5 Billion",
"date": "1 July 2024",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.bakerbotts.com/news/2024/07/baker-botts-client-stanford-receiver-collects-%241-point-3-billion-from-bank-litigation-settlements",
"note": "Receiver counsel statement on total recoveries over $2.5 billion and a planned distribution. It does not give a completed distribution total."
},
{
"source_id": "stanford-financial-s8",
"organization_id": "stanford-financial",
"issuer": "Cayman News Service",
"title": "Stanford talks to BBC about appeal and life in jail",
"date": "11 January 2016",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://caymannewsservice.com/2016/01/stanford-talks-to-bbc-about-appeal-and-life-in-jail",
"note": "Reports Stanford's denial from a BBC 5Live interview. It records his assertion of innocence, not any finding."
},
{
"source_id": "stanford-financial-s9",
"organization_id": "stanford-financial",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "SEC v. Robert Allen Stanford, et al., Litigation Release No. 26255",
"date": "24 February 2025",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26255",
"note": "Supports the final judgment entered against Stanford on 29 January 2025 in No. 3:09-cv-298-N and the disgorgement and penalty amounts. It does not cover the appeal."
},
{
"source_id": "steinhoff-s1",
"organization_id": "steinhoff",
"issuer": "Reuters, TJ Strydom (published by Business Standard)",
"title": "Steinhoff accounting irregularities trigger share crash, CEO exit",
"date": "6 December 2017",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.business-standard.com/amp/article/reuters/steinhoff-accounting-irregularities-trigger-share-crash-ceo-exit-117120600998_1.html",
"note": "Quotes the company's December 2017 disclosure and reports the share fall. It does not establish what the irregularities were."
},
{
"source_id": "steinhoff-s2",
"organization_id": "steinhoff",
"issuer": "Financial Sector Conduct Authority (republished by FAnews)",
"title": "The FSCA fines Steinhoff International Holdings N.V. (Steinhoff/the Company) for contravention of the Financial Markets Act",
"date": "16 September 2019",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.fanews.co.za/article/compliance-regulatory/2/financial-sector-conduct-authority-fsca-was-fsb/1059/the-fsca-fines-steinhoff-international-holdings-n-v-steinhoff-the-company-for-contravention-of-the-financial-markets-act/27524",
"note": "Regulator finding of false or misleading statements and the R1.5 billion penalty remitted to R53 million. Read as republished by FAnews. Searches of the FSCA site did not surface the original."
},
{
"source_id": "steinhoff-s3",
"organization_id": "steinhoff",
"issuer": "Moonstone (author Mark Bechard)",
"title": "After the headlines: where major FSCA enforcement cases stand",
"date": "11 August 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.moonstone.co.za/after-the-headlines-where-major-fsca-enforcement-cases-stand/",
"note": "Reports the R53 million payment and continuing FSCA action against individuals. It does not cover criminal cases."
},
{
"source_id": "steinhoff-s4",
"organization_id": "steinhoff",
"issuer": "dpa-AFX (published by boerse-online)",
"title": "ROUNDUP: Zwei Ex-Manager nach Steinhoff-Bilanzskandal verurteilt",
"date": "21 August 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.boerse-online.de/dpa-afx/roundup-zwei-ex-manager-nach-steinhoff-bilanzskandal-verurteilt-309960.html",
"note": "Reports the Oldenburg convictions and that they were not final. It does not report any later appeal."
},
{
"source_id": "steinhoff-s5",
"organization_id": "steinhoff",
"issuer": "Steinhoff International Holdings N.V. in liquidatie (EQS release published by boerse.de)",
"title": "EQS-News: Steinhoff International Holdings N.V. in liquidatie: CONFIRMATION OF LIQUIDATION",
"date": "13 October 2023",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.boerse.de/nachrichten-amp/EQS-News-Steinhoff-International-Holdings-NV-in-liquidatie-CONFIRMATION-OF-LIQUIDATION/35369038",
"note": "Liquidators confirm the company and its shares ceased to exist. It does not give exact delisting dates."
},
{
"source_id": "super-micro-s1",
"organization_id": "super-micro",
"issuer": "Hindenburg Research",
"title": "Super Micro: Fresh Evidence Of Accounting Manipulation, Sibling Self-Dealing And Sanctions Evasion At This AI High Flyer",
"date": "27 August 2024",
"type": "Short-seller report",
"tier": "D",
"url": "https://hindenburgresearch.com/smci/",
"note": "Origin of the accounting claims. Relies partly on a lawsuit and interviews and is not a finding."
},
{
"source_id": "super-micro-s2",
"organization_id": "super-micro",
"issuer": "Super Micro Computer, Inc.",
"title": "Form 8-K (event date October 24, 2024)",
"date": "30 October 2024",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1375365/000137536524000036/smci-20241024.htm",
"note": "Reports EY's resignation, its stated reason and the company's disagreement."
},
{
"source_id": "super-micro-s3",
"organization_id": "super-micro",
"issuer": "Super Micro Computer, Inc.",
"title": "Supermicro Announces Completion of Review by Independent Special Committee",
"date": "2 December 2024",
"type": "Commissioned report",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1375365/000137536524000044/pressrelease-specialcommit.htm",
"note": "Company release on the board committee's findings. Attributed as a commissioned review, not an independent ruling."
},
{
"source_id": "super-micro-s4",
"organization_id": "super-micro",
"issuer": "CFO Dive",
"title": "Super Micro says DOJ, SEC subpoenaed documents",
"date": "12 February 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.cfodive.com/news/supermicro-doj-sec-subpoenaed-documents-accounting/739992/",
"note": "Report by Maura Webber Sadovi on the disclosed DOJ and SEC subpoenas. It does not report any charge."
},
{
"source_id": "super-micro-s5",
"organization_id": "super-micro",
"issuer": "Super Micro Computer, Inc.",
"title": "Definitive Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A)",
"date": "3 March 2026",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1375365/000137536526000008/smci-20260303.htm",
"note": "Shows the 2026 meeting, BDO USA as proposed auditor and references to delayed filings and Nasdaq compliance."
},
{
"source_id": "super-micro-s6",
"organization_id": "super-micro",
"issuer": "Super Micro Computer, Inc.",
"title": "Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2026",
"date": "2026",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001375365/000137536526000022/smci-20260630.htm",
"note": "Reports the 19 March 2026 SDNY indictment, that the company is not a named defendant and is cooperating, and its export compliance review. It does not establish what the charges allege."
},
{
"source_id": "swedbank-s1",
"organization_id": "swedbank",
"issuer": "Finansinspektionen",
"title": "Swedbank receives a warning and an administrative fine of SEK 4 billion",
"date": "19 March 2020",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://fi.se/en/published/sanctions/financial-firms/2020/swedbank-receives-a-warning-and-an-administrative-fine-of-sek-four-billion/",
"note": "Supports the fine and the finding of major Baltic deficiencies. It does not state that money laundering was proven."
},
{
"source_id": "swedbank-s2",
"organization_id": "swedbank",
"issuer": "Swedbank AB",
"title": "Swedbank comments on Clifford Chance report",
"date": "23 March 2020",
"type": "Commissioned report",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.ballardspahr.com/-/media/files/alerts/swedbank-press-release.pdf",
"note": "Company summary of the report it commissioned, hosted by a law firm. It is not an official finding."
},
{
"source_id": "swedbank-s3",
"organization_id": "swedbank",
"issuer": "Swedbank AB",
"title": "Swedbank reaches agreement with OFAC",
"date": "19 June 2023",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.swedbank.com/newsroom/press-releases.details.swedbank-reaches-agreement-with-ofac.3D1A880222F404B3.html",
"note": "Company account of the OFAC settlement and of US probes then open. The OFAC release itself was not read."
},
{
"source_id": "swedbank-s4",
"organization_id": "swedbank",
"issuer": "Swedbank AB",
"title": "SEC closes investigation of Swedbank",
"date": "6 September 2025",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.swedbank.com/newsroom/press-releases.details.sec-closes-investigation-of-swedbank.2A5F11ECBA23C89B.html",
"note": "Company disclosure of the SEC closure. It says the DOJ and DFS probes were then still open."
},
{
"source_id": "swedbank-s5",
"organization_id": "swedbank",
"issuer": "Swedbank AB (publ)",
"title": "DOJ has closed the investigation of Swedbank",
"date": "14 January 2026",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://mb.cision.com/Main/67/4292602/3877865.pdf",
"note": "The bank's own release, issued as inside information, on the DOJ closure. It says the New York DFS probe was still open. No DOJ record was found."
},
{
"source_id": "swedbank-s6",
"organization_id": "swedbank",
"issuer": "The Local Sweden (AFP)",
"title": "Sweden jails former banking boss over swindling",
"date": "10 September 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.thelocal.com/20240910/sweden-jails-former-banking-boss-over-swindling",
"note": "AFP report of the Svea Court of Appeal conviction. Overtaken by the 2026 Supreme Court ruling."
},
{
"source_id": "swedbank-s7",
"organization_id": "swedbank",
"issuer": "Supreme Court of Sweden (Högsta domstolen), copy hosted by Ledarsidorna",
"title": "Högsta domstolens dom, mål nr B 7476-24",
"date": "21 April 2026",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://ledarsidorna.se/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/HD-Bonnesen.pdf",
"note": "Text of the Supreme Court judgment acquitting the former chief executive. Read as a third-party copy. The domstol.se file could not be loaded."
},
{
"source_id": "ericsson-s1",
"organization_id": "ericsson",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs",
"title": "Ericsson to Plead Guilty and Pay Over $206M Following Breach of 2019 FCPA Deferred Prosecution Agreement",
"date": "2 March 2023",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/ericsson-plead-guilty-and-pay-over-206m-following-breach-2019-fcpa-deferred-prosecution",
"note": "Supports the breach, plea, penalty and monitor extension. It does not mention ISIS."
},
{
"source_id": "ericsson-s2",
"organization_id": "ericsson",
"issuer": "Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson",
"title": "Update: Iraq media inquiries",
"date": "15 February 2022",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.ericsson.com/en/press-releases/2022/2/update-iraq-media-inquiries",
"note": "Company account of its Iraq probe. Supports what Ericsson said it found and did not find."
},
{
"source_id": "ericsson-s3",
"organization_id": "ericsson",
"issuer": "Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson",
"title": "Ericsson announces conclusion of Monitorship",
"date": "3 June 2024",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.ericsson.com/en/press-releases/2024/6/ericsson-announces-conclusion-of-monitorship",
"note": "Supports the end of the monitorship and expiry of the plea agreement as stated by the company."
},
{
"source_id": "ericsson-s4",
"organization_id": "ericsson",
"issuer": "Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher and Flom LLP",
"title": "Litigation Under the Antiterrorism Act: 2025 Year in Review",
"date": "21 January 2026",
"type": "Academic paper",
"tier": "D",
"url": "https://www.skadden.com/insights/publications/2026/01/litigation-under-the-antiterrorism-act",
"note": "Professional analysis giving case numbers and status of US civil suits against Ericsson as of January 2026. It reports allegations, not findings."
},
{
"source_id": "ericsson-s5",
"organization_id": "ericsson",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Criminal Division, Fraud Section",
"title": "United States v. Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson",
"date": "18 October 2023",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/criminal/criminal-fraud/fcpa/cases/united-states-v-telefonaktiebolaget-lm-ericsson",
"note": "DOJ case page for docket 19-CR-884 in the Southern District of New York with the plea agreement and related filings. Supports the plea and a probation term through June 2024. The date is the page's last update."
},
{
"source_id": "ericsson-s6",
"organization_id": "ericsson",
"issuer": "Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson, Form 20-F Exhibit 15.1 filed with the SEC",
"title": "Ericsson Annual Report 2025, Financial Report",
"date": "3 March 2026",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/717826/000119312526104149/d948057dex151.htm",
"note": "Company account of pending US Anti-Terrorism Act suits and the continuing DOJ investigation. The date is when the financial statements were authorised for issue. It reports allegations, not findings."
},
{
"source_id": "telia-s1",
"organization_id": "telia",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs",
"title": "Telia Company AB and Its Uzbek Subsidiary Enter Into a Global Foreign Bribery Resolution of More Than $965 Million for Corrupt Payments in Uzbekistan",
"date": "21 September 2017",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/telia-company-ab-and-its-uzbek-subsidiary-enter-global-foreign-bribery-resolution-more-965",
"note": "Supports the DPA, the Coscom plea, the admitted payments and the amounts. It gives no docket number."
},
{
"source_id": "telia-s2",
"organization_id": "telia",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "Telecommunications Company Paying $965 Million For FCPA Violations",
"date": "21 September 2017",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2017-171",
"note": "Supports the SEC disgorgement order and the description of payments to a shell company."
},
{
"source_id": "telia-s3",
"organization_id": "telia",
"issuer": "Telia Company AB",
"title": "Telia Company reaches a global settlement with the authorities regarding Uzbekistan investigation",
"date": "21 September 2017",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://news.cision.com/telia-company/r/telia-company-reaches-a-global-settlement-with-the-authorities-regarding-uzbekistan-investigation,c2351986",
"note": "Company account of the settlement and of the then open Swedish case. It does not report later Swedish rulings."
},
{
"source_id": "telia-s4",
"organization_id": "telia",
"issuer": "Willkie Farr and Gallagher LLP, Compliance Concourse",
"title": "Swedish court acquits former telecommunications executives",
"date": "15 February 2019",
"type": "Academic paper",
"tier": "D",
"url": "https://complianceconcourse.willkie.com/articles/news-alerts-2019-02-february-20190215-swedish-court-acquits-former-telecom",
"note": "Professional note reporting the 2019 acquittals and the dismissed confiscation claim. It is not the judgment."
},
{
"source_id": "telia-s5",
"organization_id": "telia",
"issuer": "Stockholms tingsrätt (Stockholm District Court)",
"title": "Verdict of acquittal in the Telia court case",
"date": "15 February 2019",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.domstol.se/nyheter/2019/02/verdict-of-acquittal-in-the-telia-court-case",
"note": "Court's own notice of the acquittals in cases B 12201-17 and B 12203-17 and the dismissal of the USD 208,500,000 forfeiture claim against Telia. It is not the full judgment."
},
{
"source_id": "telia-s6",
"organization_id": "telia",
"issuer": "Sveriges Radio",
"title": "Appeals court upholds acquittal of former Telia bosses in bribery case",
"date": "4 February 2021",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.sverigesradio.se/artikel/appeals-court-upholds-acquittal-of-former-telia-bosses-in-bribery-case",
"note": "Reports the appeal outcome. No reporter is named."
},
{
"source_id": "telia-s7",
"organization_id": "telia",
"issuer": "SVT Nyheter (TT)",
"title": "Teliachefer frias även i hovrätten",
"date": "4 February 2021",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.svt.se/nyheter/ekonomi/teliachefer-frias-aven-i-hovratten",
"note": "Reports Svea Court of Appeal's reasoning via a court spokesperson. It does not mention the confiscation claim."
},
{
"source_id": "telia-s8",
"organization_id": "telia",
"issuer": "Openbaar Ministerie (Netherlands Public Prosecution Service)",
"title": "Telia pays remaining 208,500,000 USD from confiscation amount to Dutch Public Prosecution Service",
"date": "19 March 2019",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.prosecutionservice.nl/latest/news/2019/03/19/telia-pays-remaining-208500000-usd-from-confiscation-amount-to-dutch-public-prosecution-service",
"note": "Prosecutor's notice that the amount reserved for Swedish confiscation was paid to the Netherlands under the 2017 settlement. It does not say whether the Swedish prosecutor appealed."
},
{
"source_id": "terraform-labs-s1",
"organization_id": "terraform-labs",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission (Gurbir S. Grewal, Division of Enforcement)",
"title": "Statement on Jury's Verdict in Trial of Terraform Labs PTE Ltd. and Do Kwon",
"date": "5 April 2024",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/speeches-statements/grewal-statement-040424",
"note": "Supports the civil jury verdict of liability for fraud. It is a statement on a civil verdict, not a criminal conviction."
},
{
"source_id": "terraform-labs-s2",
"organization_id": "terraform-labs",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "Terraform and Kwon to Pay $4.5 Billion Following Fraud Verdict",
"date": "13 June 2024",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2024-73",
"note": "Supports the settlement figures and repeats the jury finding. The settlement resolves the civil case."
},
{
"source_id": "terraform-labs-s3",
"organization_id": "terraform-labs",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, US Attorney's Office, Southern District of New York",
"title": "Do Kwon Pleads Guilty To Fraud",
"date": "12 August 2025",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/do-kwon-pleads-guilty-fraud",
"note": "Supports the guilty plea, the counts and the scheme description. The scheme detail beyond the plea remains prosecution allegation."
},
{
"source_id": "terraform-labs-s4",
"organization_id": "terraform-labs",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, US Attorney's Office, Southern District of New York",
"title": "Crypto-Enabled Fraudster Sentenced For Orchestrating $40 Billion Fraud",
"date": "11 December 2025",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/crypto-enabled-fraudster-sentenced-orchestrating-40-billion-fraud",
"note": "Supports the 15 year sentence, the forfeiture of over US$19 million and the counts. This is the conviction record."
},
{
"source_id": "terraform-labs-s5",
"organization_id": "terraform-labs",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, US Attorney's Office, Southern District of New York",
"title": "Do Kwon Extradited To The United States From Montenegro To Face Charges Relating To Fraud Resulting In $40 Billion In Losses",
"date": "2 January 2025",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/do-kwon-extradited-united-states-montenegro-face-charges-relating-fraud-resulting-40",
"note": "Supports the extradition date, the nine count indictment and the 130 year maximum. An indictment is an allegation."
},
{
"source_id": "terraform-labs-s6",
"organization_id": "terraform-labs",
"issuer": "Decrypt (Andre Beganski)",
"title": "Do Kwon Sentenced to 15 Years in Prison Over $40 Billion Terra Crypto Collapse",
"date": "11 December 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://decrypt.co/352066/do-kwon-sentenced-15-years-prison-40-billion-terra-crypto-collapse",
"note": "Used for the prosecution and defence sentencing positions and the judge's remarks. Press colour, not a primary record."
},
{
"source_id": "terraform-labs-s7",
"organization_id": "terraform-labs",
"issuer": "The Block (Sarah Wynn)",
"title": "Do Kwon and Terraform Labs' lawyers urge judge to nix SEC's allegations",
"date": "30 October 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.theblock.co/post/260050/do-kwon-and-terraform-labs-lawyers-urge-judge-to-nix-secs-allegations",
"note": "Origin of the pre trial denial by the defence. It reports a court filing, it does not establish the filing's merit."
},
{
"source_id": "terraform-labs-s8",
"organization_id": "terraform-labs",
"issuer": "The Block (Sarah Wynn)",
"title": "Terraform Labs gets sign off from US bankruptcy judge to begin winding down: Reuters",
"date": "19 September 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.theblock.co/post/317414/terraform-labs-gets-sign-off-from-us-bankruptcy-judge-to-begin-winding-down-reuters",
"note": "Supports the bankruptcy court approval of the wind down. It does not confirm final dissolution."
},
{
"source_id": "terraform-labs-s9",
"organization_id": "terraform-labs",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "SEC v. Terraform Labs PTE, Ltd. and Do Hyeong Kwon, No. 23-cv-1346-JSR (S.D.N.Y.)",
"date": "18 September 2025",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/distributions-harmed-investors/sec-v-terraform-labs-pte-ltd-do-hyeong-kwon-no-23-cv-1346-jsr-sdny",
"note": "SEC distributions page. Supports the case number, the 12 June 2024 consent judgment and the 20 September 2024 Chapter 11 plan approval. Says payments run through the bankruptcy estate."
},
{
"source_id": "boeing-s1",
"organization_id": "boeing",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Boeing Charged with 737 Max Fraud Conspiracy and Agrees to Pay over $2.5 Billion",
"date": "7 January 2021",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/boeing-charged-737-max-fraud-conspiracy-and-agrees-pay-over-25-billion",
"note": "Supports the charge, the DPA and the payment amounts. It does not reflect later events."
},
{
"source_id": "boeing-s2",
"organization_id": "boeing",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Deferred Prosecution Agreement",
"date": "7 January 2021",
"type": "Deferred prosecution agreement",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1351336/download",
"note": "Supports Boeing's acceptance of responsibility and the statement of facts on MCAS. It is not a conviction."
},
{
"source_id": "boeing-s3",
"organization_id": "boeing",
"issuer": "Associated Press",
"title": "Here's what to know about Boeing agreeing to plead guilty to fraud in 737 Max crashes",
"date": "8 July 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.news4jax.com/business/2024/07/08/heres-what-to-know-about-boeing-agreeing-to-plead-guilty-to-fraud-in-737-max-crashes/",
"note": "Reports the plea deal terms by David Koenig and Alanna Durkin Richer. Its status description was overtaken by the court's later orders."
},
{
"source_id": "boeing-s4",
"organization_id": "boeing",
"issuer": "US District Court for the Northern District of Texas",
"title": "Memorandum Opinion and Order, United States v. The Boeing Company, No. 4:21-CR-5-O",
"date": "5 December 2024",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/media/1379296/dl?inline",
"note": "The court's order rejecting the proposed plea agreement, hosted by the Justice Department. It does not cover the later dismissal."
},
{
"source_id": "boeing-s5",
"organization_id": "boeing",
"issuer": "Reuters",
"title": "Judge approves DOJ decision to drop Boeing criminal case",
"date": "6 November 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.staradvertiser.com/2025/11/06/breaking-news/judge-approves-doj-decision-to-drop-boeing-criminal-case/",
"note": "Reuters report by David Shepardson on the dismissal and the non-prosecution terms. It does not cover later appeals."
},
{
"source_id": "boeing-s6",
"organization_id": "boeing",
"issuer": "US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit",
"title": "In re Naoise Connolly Ryan, et al., No. 25-11253 c/w No. 25-11254",
"date": "31 March 2026",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/criminal/media/1434726/dl?inline",
"note": "Per curiam panel opinion denying the families' mandamus petitions. The opinion was later amended on 22 May 2026."
},
{
"source_id": "boeing-s7",
"organization_id": "boeing",
"issuer": "NPR",
"title": "DOJ says Boeing broke deal that avoided prosecution after 2 fatal 737 Max crashes",
"date": "14 May 2024",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.npr.org/2024/05/14/1251477809/boeing-justice-department-charges",
"note": "Quotes the prosecutors' letter on breach and a Boeing spokeswoman's denial. No byline or date is shown on the page, and the breach notice date is confirmed by the DOJ case page (S8)."
},
{
"source_id": "boeing-s8",
"organization_id": "boeing",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Criminal Division, Fraud Section",
"title": "United States v. The Boeing Company",
"date": "Last updated 24 July 2026",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/criminal/criminal-fraud/case/united-states-v-boeing-company",
"note": "Case page listing filings and rulings, including the 29 May 2025 non-prosecution agreement and the 18 June 2026 mandate. It summarises rather than decides."
},
{
"source_id": "boeing-s9",
"organization_id": "boeing",
"issuer": "US District Court for the Northern District of Texas",
"title": "Order, United States v. The Boeing Company, No. 4:21-cr-5-O",
"date": "6 November 2025",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/criminal/media/1417031/dl?inline",
"note": "The order granting the government's motion to dismiss. It does not state dollar amounts or whether dismissal is with prejudice."
},
{
"source_id": "boeing-s10",
"organization_id": "boeing",
"issuer": "US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit",
"title": "On Petitions for Rehearing and Rehearing En Banc, In re Naoise Connolly Ryan, et al., No. 25-11253",
"date": "22 May 2026",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/criminal/media/1454141/dl?inline",
"note": "Order denying panel rehearing and rehearing en banc, with an amended opinion. It does not address any Supreme Court petition."
},
{
"source_id": "goldman-sachs-s1",
"organization_id": "goldman-sachs",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs",
"title": "Goldman Sachs Charged in Foreign Bribery Case and Agrees to Pay Over $2.9 Billion",
"date": "22 October 2020",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/goldman-sachs-charged-foreign-bribery-case-and-agrees-pay-over-29-billion",
"note": "Supports the DPA, the GS Malaysia plea, the bribe figure and the US$2.9 billion total. It does not state the DPA term or its later dismissal."
},
{
"source_id": "goldman-sachs-s2",
"organization_id": "goldman-sachs",
"issuer": "Goldman Sachs",
"title": "Goldman Sachs Announcement on Agreement with Government of Malaysia",
"date": "24 July 2020",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.goldmansachs.com/pressroom/press-releases/2020/announcement-24-july-2020",
"note": "Company account of the July 2020 agreement in principle. It does not mention an interim payment term."
},
{
"source_id": "goldman-sachs-s3",
"organization_id": "goldman-sachs",
"issuer": "The Edge Singapore (Bloomberg)",
"title": "Goldman sues Malaysia as 1MDB settlement dispute escalates",
"date": "Date not shown on page",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://alfi.dev.theedgesingapore.com/news/1mdb-watch/goldman-sues-malaysia-1mdb-settlement-dispute-escalates",
"note": "Bloomberg copy quoting Goldman and the 1MDB Taskforce on the arbitration and the interim payment term. The page shows no date and no named reporter, and the arbitration is confirmed in Goldman's SEC filing."
},
{
"source_id": "goldman-sachs-s4",
"organization_id": "goldman-sachs",
"issuer": "The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (Form 10-Q filed with the SEC)",
"title": "Legal Proceedings",
"date": "3 August 2026",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/886982/000088698226000297/R34.htm",
"note": "Note 27 of the 10-Q for the quarter to 30 June 2026. Supports the 2020 settlement agreement date, the GS Malaysia sentence and the May 2024 dismissal. Company account only."
},
{
"source_id": "goldman-sachs-s5",
"organization_id": "goldman-sachs",
"issuer": "The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (Form 10-Q filed with the SEC)",
"title": "Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees",
"date": "3 August 2026",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/886982/000088698226000297/R25.htm",
"note": "Note 18 of the same 10-Q. Supports the October 2023 arbitration, the August 2025 demand and Goldman's position. It does not name the arbitral forum."
},
{
"source_id": "theranos-s1",
"organization_id": "theranos",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "Theranos, CEO Holmes, and Former President Balwani Charged With Massive Fraud",
"date": "14 March 2018",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2018-41",
"note": "Supports the charges, the company claims and the SEC's account of the device. The settlement is not a finding."
},
{
"source_id": "theranos-s2",
"organization_id": "theranos",
"issuer": "US Attorney's Office, Northern District of California",
"title": "Theranos Founder Elizabeth Holmes Found Guilty Of Investor Fraud",
"date": "4 January 2022",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/theranos-founder-elizabeth-holmes-found-guilty-investor-fraud",
"note": "Supports the counts of conviction and acquittal and the evidence on the device. It does not cover sentencing or appeal."
},
{
"source_id": "theranos-s3",
"organization_id": "theranos",
"issuer": "Courthouse News Service",
"title": "Ninth Circuit denies Elizabeth Holmes' request for rehearing",
"date": "8 May 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.courthousenews.com/ninth-circuit-denies-elizabeth-holmes-request-for-rehearing/",
"note": "Report by Matt Simons on the rehearing denial and the February 2025 affirmance. It does not give the affirmance day."
},
{
"source_id": "theranos-s4",
"organization_id": "theranos",
"issuer": "Fortune",
"title": "Trump has granted clemency to several high-profile white-collar fraudsters. Could Elizabeth Holmes be next?",
"date": "23 January 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.fortune.com/2026/01/23/elizabeth-holmes-clemency-request-trump",
"note": "Report by Jacqueline Munis on the clemency request filed in 2025 and her imprisonment. It does not report a decision."
},
{
"source_id": "theranos-s5",
"organization_id": "theranos",
"issuer": "The New York Times via WRAL",
"title": "Theranos Is Shutting Down",
"date": "5 September 2018",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.wral.com/archive/17821991/",
"note": "Report by Reed Abelson on the shareholder letter and the 2016 lab ban. It is not a registry record."
},
{
"source_id": "theranos-s6",
"organization_id": "theranos",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Office of the Pardon Attorney",
"title": "Clemency Grants by President Donald J. Trump (2025-Present)",
"date": "Updated 20 October 2026",
"type": "Government press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/pardon/clemency-grants-president-donald-j-trump-2025-present",
"note": "Official list of pardons and commutations since 2025, latest grant 13 October 2026. It lists no grant to Holmes or her former co-defendant. It does not show pending petitions."
},
{
"source_id": "three-arrows-capital-s1",
"organization_id": "three-arrows-capital",
"issuer": "Monetary Authority of Singapore",
"title": "MAS issues Prohibition Orders against Three Arrows Capital's Zhu Su and Kyle Livingston Davies",
"date": "14 September 2023",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.mas.gov.sg/regulation/enforcement/enforcement-actions/2023/mas-issues-prohibition-orders-against-three-arrows-capital-zhu-su-and-kyle-livingston-davies",
"note": "Supports the nine-year prohibition orders, their 13 September 2023 start and the directors' breaches. It is the regulator's own enforcement record."
},
{
"source_id": "three-arrows-capital-s2",
"organization_id": "three-arrows-capital",
"issuer": "Monetary Authority of Singapore",
"title": "MAS Reprimands Three Arrows Capital for Providing False Information and Exceeding Assets Under Management Threshold",
"date": "30 June 2022",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.mas.gov.sg/regulation/enforcement/enforcement-actions/2022/mas-reprimands-three-arrows-capital-for-providing-false-information-and-exceeding-assets-under-management-threshold",
"note": "Supports the June 2022 reprimand, the false representation about novation and the S$250 million threshold breach. It does not establish criminal liability."
},
{
"source_id": "three-arrows-capital-s3",
"organization_id": "three-arrows-capital",
"issuer": "US Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (Chief Judge Martin Glenn)",
"title": "In re Three Arrows Capital, Ltd., Memorandum Opinion and Order (Case No. 22-10920)",
"date": "29 December 2022",
"type": "Court judgment",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.nysb.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/opinions/312810_79_opinion.pdf",
"note": "Supports the 27 June 2022 BVI liquidation, the joint liquidator appointment, the foreign main proceeding recognition and the subpoena on Kyle Davies."
},
{
"source_id": "three-arrows-capital-s4",
"organization_id": "three-arrows-capital",
"issuer": "Agence France-Presse via Malay Mail",
"title": "Crypto fund co-founder arrested, jailed in Singapore, says company liquidator",
"date": "30 September 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.malaymail.com/news/singapore/2023/09/30/crypto-fund-co-founder-arrested-jailed-in-singapore-says-company-liquidator/93655",
"note": "Reports Su Zhu's four-month jail term and the committal order, citing Teneo. It is press colour on a Singapore court order that was not posted online."
},
{
"source_id": "three-arrows-capital-s5",
"organization_id": "three-arrows-capital",
"issuer": "Forkast (Monika Ghosh)",
"title": "3AC cofounders resurface after five weeks, deny allegations",
"date": "22 July 2022",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://forkast.news/3ac-cofounders-resurface-deny-allegations/",
"note": "Origin of the founders' denial that they failed to cooperate. It reports their statements, it does not settle whether they cooperated."
},
{
"source_id": "three-arrows-capital-s6",
"organization_id": "three-arrows-capital",
"issuer": "The Block (James Hunt)",
"title": "3AC liquidators estimate 46% recovery rate for creditors: Teneo report",
"date": "21 December 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.theblock.co/post/268781/3ac-liquidators-estimate-46-per-cent-recovery-rate-for-creditors-teneo-report",
"note": "Supports the December 2023 recovery estimate of about 46 per cent and the claims figures reported by Teneo. Press summary of a creditor report."
},
{
"source_id": "three-arrows-capital-s7",
"organization_id": "three-arrows-capital",
"issuer": "The Block (Danny Park)",
"title": "US court allows 3AC to expand FTX claim to $1.5 billion",
"date": "14 March 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.theblock.co/post/346298/us-court-allows-3ac-to-expand-ftx-claim-to-1-5-billion",
"note": "Supports the March 2025 ruling letting 3AC expand its FTX claim to US$1.53 billion and FTX's objection. Shows the liquidation is still active."
},
{
"source_id": "toshiba-s1",
"organization_id": "toshiba",
"issuer": "The Christian Science Monitor",
"title": "How did Toshiba get away with padding profits for 6 years?",
"date": "21 July 2015",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.csmonitor.com/Business/2015/0721/How-did-Toshiba-get-away-with-padding-profits-for-6-years",
"note": "Article by Michelle Toh reporting the committee's JPY 151.8 billion figure and the resignations. The committee report itself was not read."
},
{
"source_id": "toshiba-s2",
"organization_id": "toshiba",
"issuer": "Japan Exchange Group, Tokyo Stock Exchange",
"title": "Designation of Security on Alert and Imposition of Listing Agreement Violation Penalty -TOSHIBA CORPORATION-",
"date": "15 September 2015",
"type": "Regulator order",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.jpx.co.jp/english/news/1021/20150915-11.html",
"note": "Supports the designation, the JPY 91.2 million penalty and the restated overstatement amounts. It does not cover the FSA penalty."
},
{
"source_id": "toshiba-s3",
"organization_id": "toshiba",
"issuer": "Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission",
"title": "Recommendation for Administrative Monetary Penalty Payment Order for Violation of Disclosure Requirements by TOSHIBA CORPORATION",
"date": "7 December 2015",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.fsa.go.jp/sesc/english/news/reco/20151207-1.htm",
"note": "Supports the recommended amount and the legal basis. It is a recommendation, not the order."
},
{
"source_id": "toshiba-s4",
"organization_id": "toshiba",
"issuer": "Financial Services Agency of Japan",
"title": "Administrative penalty charge against TOSHIBA CORPORATION for making false statements in securities reports",
"date": "6 January 2016",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.fsa.go.jp/en/newsletter/weekly2016/177.html",
"note": "FSA Weekly Review No. 177, covering 21 to 28 December 2015. It confirms the order of 24 December 2015 and the conduct, and gives the amount as more than JPY 7.3 billion."
},
{
"source_id": "toshiba-s5",
"organization_id": "toshiba",
"issuer": "Reuters, republished by Malay Mail",
"title": "Toshiba delisted after 74 years, faces future with new owners",
"date": "20 December 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.malaymail.com/news/money/2023/12/20/toshiba-delisted-after-74-years-faces-future-with-new-owners/108438",
"note": "Supports the delisting, the buyer group and the company statement. No individual byline is shown."
},
{
"source_id": "trafigura-s1",
"organization_id": "trafigura",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs",
"title": "Swiss Commodities Trading Company Pleads Guilty to Foreign Bribery Scheme",
"date": "28 March 2024",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/swiss-commodities-trading-company-pleads-guilty-foreign-bribery-scheme",
"note": "Supports the guilty plea, the Brazil conduct and the amounts. It does not name the court."
},
{
"source_id": "trafigura-s2",
"organization_id": "trafigura",
"issuer": "SWI swissinfo.ch (Bloomberg)",
"title": "Trafigura and Ex-COO Convicted of Bribery by Swiss Court",
"date": "31 January 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://swissinfo.ch/eng/trafigura-and-ex-coo-convicted-of-bribery-by-swiss-court/88809216",
"note": "Reports the first instance Swiss conviction, the penalties and Trafigura's reaction. It is not the judgment."
},
{
"source_id": "trafigura-s3",
"organization_id": "trafigura",
"issuer": "Bloomberg Government (Archie Hunter and Hugo Miller)",
"title": "Trafigura Appeals Swiss Conviction Over Bribery Controls",
"date": "10 December 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://news.bgov.com/white-collar-and-criminal-law/trafigura-appeals-swiss-conviction-over-bribery-controls",
"note": "Reports that Trafigura appealed. The appeal court and hearing date were not visible on the page."
},
{
"source_id": "trafigura-s4",
"organization_id": "trafigura",
"issuer": "Trafigura",
"title": "The Probo Koala case in 13 questions",
"date": "12 October 2021",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.trafigura.com/probo-koala/",
"note": "Company account of the dumping, the settlements, the Dutch fine and its view on health effects. The date is the latest date shown on the page."
},
{
"source_id": "trafigura-s5",
"organization_id": "trafigura",
"issuer": "DutchNews.nl",
"title": "Trafigura fined €1m for exporting toxic waste from Amsterdam",
"date": "23 July 2010",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.dutchnews.nl/2010/07/trafigura_fined_1m_for_exporti/",
"note": "Reports the Amsterdam ruling, the fine and the concealment finding. It does not cover the appeal."
},
{
"source_id": "trafigura-s6",
"organization_id": "trafigura",
"issuer": "JURIST",
"title": "Dutch appeals court upholds fine on oil trading company",
"date": "December 2011",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "D",
"url": "https://www.jurist.org/news/2011/12/dutch-appeals-court-upholds-fine-on-oil-trading-company",
"note": "Legal news report that the appeals court upheld the EUR 1 million fine. No byline or exact day is shown."
},
{
"source_id": "trafigura-s7",
"organization_id": "trafigura",
"issuer": "JURIST (Cecilia Akoko Attiogbe Atayi)",
"title": "UN experts say victims of Trafigura's toxic waste dumping await justice after 20 years",
"date": "30 July 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "D",
"url": "https://www.jurist.org/news/2026/07/un-experts-say-victims-of-trafiguras-toxic-waste-disposal-await-justice-after-20-years/",
"note": "Reports a 2026 UN experts statement on victims and notes the Dutch case covered export from Amsterdam only. It does not give death figures."
},
{
"source_id": "trafigura-s8",
"organization_id": "trafigura",
"issuer": "SRF (Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen), with sda",
"title": "Rohstoffkonzern Trafigura vor Bundesstrafgericht schuldig gesprochen",
"date": "31 January 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.srf.ch/news/schweiz/urteil-wegen-korruption-rohstoffkonzern-trafigura-schuldig-gesprochen",
"note": "Swiss public broadcaster report of the first instance verdict and that it was not final and could go to the appeals chamber and the Federal Supreme Court. It is not the judgment."
},
{
"source_id": "vale-s1",
"organization_id": "vale",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "SEC Charges Brazilian Mining Company with Misleading Investors about Safety Prior to Deadly Dam Collapse",
"date": "28 April 2022",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2022-72",
"note": "States the SEC's allegations about certificates and disclosures. These are allegations, not findings."
},
{
"source_id": "vale-s2",
"organization_id": "vale",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "Brazilian Mining Company to Pay $55.9 Million to Settle Charges Related to Misleading Disclosures Prior to Deadly Dam Collapse",
"date": "28 March 2023",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2023-63",
"note": "Supports the settlement amounts and the need for court approval. It does not state an admission."
},
{
"source_id": "vale-s3",
"organization_id": "vale",
"issuer": "Vale S.A.",
"title": "Vale announces agreement with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission",
"date": "28 March 2023",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/917851/000129281423001206/vale20230328_6k.htm",
"note": "Company statement on the no admission term and the SEC's agreement not to oppose dismissal of fraud intent claims."
},
{
"source_id": "vale-s4",
"organization_id": "vale",
"issuer": "Vale S.A.",
"title": "Vale informs on the Global Settlement for Brumadinho",
"date": "4 February 2021",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/917851/000110465921011997/tm214989d3_6k.htm",
"note": "Company statement on the value, parties and exclusions of the 2021 settlement. The agreement text was not read."
},
{
"source_id": "vale-s5",
"organization_id": "vale",
"issuer": "InfoMoney (Agencia Brasil)",
"title": "Tragédia em Brumadinho: processo criminal será desmembrado em três",
"date": "26 January 2023",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.infomoney.com.br/?p=2042414",
"note": "Agencia Brasil report on acceptance of the charges, the 16 individual defendants and the split of the case. Credited to the agency, no named reporter. The page title continues after a semicolon, which is cut here."
},
{
"source_id": "vale-s6",
"organization_id": "vale",
"issuer": "O Fator",
"title": "Justiça define calendário, e audiências de testemunhas no processo criminal por Brumadinho vão até 2027",
"date": "21 October 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://ofator.com.br/?p=46630",
"note": "Report by Lucas Ragazzi on the hearing calendar. It counts 15 defendants and says a former Vale chief executive was excluded by a habeas corpus ruling under appeal."
},
{
"source_id": "vale-s7",
"organization_id": "vale",
"issuer": "European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR)",
"title": "Criminal trial opens in Brazil against Vale and TÜV Süd employees: Corporate accountability under scrutiny",
"date": "23 February 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "D",
"url": "https://www.ecchr.eu/en/press-release/prozessauftakt-gegen-mitarbeiter-von-vale-und-tuev-sued-mangelnde-unternehmensverantwortung-vor-gericht/",
"note": "Statement by an NGO that supports victims' families. Supports the trial opening date only, not the merits. Its count of 16 employees matches the original charge."
},
{
"source_id": "veon-s1",
"organization_id": "veon",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs",
"title": "VimpelCom Limited and Unitel LLC Enter into Global Foreign Bribery Resolution of More Than $795 Million",
"date": "18 February 2016",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/vimpelcom-limited-and-unitel-llc-enter-global-foreign-bribery-resolution-more-795-million",
"note": "Supports the DPA, the Unitel plea, the amounts, the admitted conduct and the monitor term. It gives no docket number."
},
{
"source_id": "veon-s2",
"organization_id": "veon",
"issuer": "VEON Ltd., Form 6-K filed with the SEC",
"title": "2016 Deferred Prosecution Agreement concludes as monitor certifies VEON's compliance programme",
"date": "31 October 2019",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1468091/000146809119000071/veonendofmonitor311019.htm",
"note": "Company account of the end of the DPA and monitorship and of the DOJ dismissal motion."
},
{
"source_id": "veon-s3",
"organization_id": "veon",
"issuer": "VEON Ltd.",
"title": "Green light from US Treasury for VEON Ltd. Equity trading",
"date": "18 November 2022",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.veon.com/newsroom/press-releases/green-light-from-us-treasury-for-veon-ltd-equity-trading",
"note": "Company account of OFAC General License 54. It does not state VEON's listing status."
},
{
"source_id": "veon-s4",
"organization_id": "veon",
"issuer": "VEON Ltd.",
"title": "CEO Letter to Investors: VEON confirms unhindered trading, offers support to investors",
"date": "5 September 2023",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.veon.com/newsroom/press-releases/veon-confirms-unhindered-trading-offers-support-to-investors",
"note": "Company statement that it has not been targeted by sanctions. It is not an official sanctions record."
},
{
"source_id": "veon-s5",
"organization_id": "veon",
"issuer": "US Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control",
"title": "General License No. 54, Authorizing Certain Transactions Involving VEON Ltd.",
"date": "18 November 2022",
"type": "Regulator order",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://ofac.treasury.gov/media/929456/download",
"note": "Authorises dealings in VEON securities issued before 6 June 2022 that E.O. 14071 would otherwise bar. It does not designate VEON."
},
{
"source_id": "veon-s6",
"organization_id": "veon",
"issuer": "VEON Ltd., Form 6-K exhibit filed with the SEC",
"title": "VEON Completes the Move of its Headquarters to Dubai",
"date": "19 December 2024",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1468091/000146809124000111/veoncompletesgrouphqmove.htm",
"note": "Company account of the move of its group headquarters from Amsterdam to Dubai. It does not concern the bribery case."
},
{
"source_id": "volkswagen-s1",
"organization_id": "volkswagen",
"issuer": "US Environmental Protection Agency",
"title": "Learn About Volkswagen Violations",
"date": "Last updated 10 June 2026",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.epa.gov/vw/learn-about-volkswagen-violations",
"note": "Records both notices of violation and Volkswagen's 19 November 2015 admission on 3.0 liter models. It does not quote a company admission of wrongdoing."
},
{
"source_id": "volkswagen-s2",
"organization_id": "volkswagen",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Volkswagen AG Agrees to Plead Guilty and Pay $4.3 Billion in Criminal and Civil Penalties",
"date": "11 January 2017",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/volkswagen-ag-agrees-plead-guilty-and-pay-43-billion-criminal-and-civil-penalties-six",
"note": "Supports the plea agreement, counts and penalties. It refers to the 3.0 liter cars only in the civil settlement context."
},
{
"source_id": "volkswagen-s3",
"organization_id": "volkswagen",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice, Criminal Division",
"title": "Volkswagen Diesel Engine Vehicle Matters, case updates",
"date": "Last updated 27 September 2023",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/criminal-vns/case/volkswagen-diesel-engine-vehicle-matters/update",
"note": "Supports the case number, plea date and sentence. It has no entry on the end of probation or the monitorship."
},
{
"source_id": "volkswagen-s4",
"organization_id": "volkswagen",
"issuer": "Green Car Reports via The Christian Science Monitor",
"title": "Volkswagen in Germany denies new EPA charges on Audi, Porsche V-6 software",
"date": "3 November 2015",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://csmonitor.com/layout/set/amphtml/Business/In-Gear/2015/1103/Volkswagen-in-Germany-denies-new-EPA-charges-on-Audi-Porsche-V-6-software",
"note": "Report by John Voelcker quoting Volkswagen's denial. It records the company position, not the facts."
},
{
"source_id": "volkswagen-s5",
"organization_id": "volkswagen",
"issuer": "AFP via Fortune",
"title": "4 former Volkswagen managers convicted in 'dieselgate' emissions-cheating scandal",
"date": "26 May 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://fortune.com/europe/2025/05/26/former-volkswagen-managers-convicted-dieselgate-emissions-cheating",
"note": "Reports the Braunschweig verdicts and that they could be appealed. It does not report later appeal outcomes."
},
{
"source_id": "volkswagen-s6",
"organization_id": "volkswagen",
"issuer": "ZDFheute",
"title": "Prozess gegen Ex-VW-Chef Winterkorn vorerst eingestellt",
"date": "1 July 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.zdfheute.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/vw-dieselskandal-martin-winterkorn-verfahren-gestoppt-100.html",
"note": "Reports the provisional halt of the case against the former chief executive for ill health. It does not report on the four managers' appeals."
},
{
"source_id": "volkswagen-s7",
"organization_id": "volkswagen",
"issuer": "beck-aktuell (Verlag C.H. Beck), with dpa",
"title": "Neues Großverfahren im VW-Dieselskandal startet im November",
"date": "29 October 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.beck-aktuell.de/heute-im-recht/rechtsgeschehen/vw-dieselskandal-grossverfahren-start-november-manager-betrug-2025-10-29",
"note": "Legal news report with dpa input. It confirms the May verdicts and the halted case against the former chief executive. It does not state whether the verdicts are final."
},
{
"source_id": "walmart-s1",
"organization_id": "walmart",
"issuer": "Associated Press (via Fox News)",
"title": "Wal-Mart covered up bribe campaign in Mexico, report says",
"date": "21 April 2012",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.foxnews.com/world/wal-mart-covered-up-bribe-campaign-in-mexico-report-says",
"note": "AP summary, with no named reporter, of the New York Times investigation and Walmart's response. The Times article was titled Vast Mexico Bribery Case Hushed Up by Wal-Mart After Top-Level Struggle and dated 21 April 2012, as cited in (S6). It reports allegations and is not a finding."
},
{
"source_id": "walmart-s2",
"organization_id": "walmart",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "Walmart Charged With FCPA Violations",
"date": "20 June 2019",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2019-102",
"note": "Supports the charges, the four countries and the amounts. It makes no separate bribery finding for Mexico."
},
{
"source_id": "walmart-s3",
"organization_id": "walmart",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "Order Instituting Cease-and-Desist Proceedings, In the Matter of Walmart Inc., Release No. 86159",
"date": "20 June 2019",
"type": "Regulator order",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/2019/34-86159.pdf",
"note": "Describes the 2005 Mexico allegations and inquiry and finds books and records and internal controls violations only. It describes improper payments in India and Brazil as background and charges no anti-bribery violation."
},
{
"source_id": "walmart-s4",
"organization_id": "walmart",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Walmart Inc. and Brazil-Based Subsidiary Agree to Pay $137 Million to Resolve Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Case",
"date": "20 June 2019",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/walmart-inc-and-brazil-based-subsidiary-agree-pay-137-million-resolve-foreign-corrupt",
"note": "Supports the NPA, the WMT Brasilia plea and the penalty. It does not give a case number."
},
{
"source_id": "walmart-s5",
"organization_id": "walmart",
"issuer": "Walmart Inc. (Form 8-K exhibit)",
"title": "Walmart Reaches Agreements with the DOJ and the SEC to Resolve their FCPA Investigations",
"date": "20 June 2019",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/104169/000010416919000030/pressreleasedatedjune202019.htm",
"note": "Company's account of the resolution and payment total. It makes no statement on the 2012 allegations."
},
{
"source_id": "walmart-s6",
"organization_id": "walmart",
"issuer": "US House of Representatives, Ranking Members of the Committee on Energy and Commerce and the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform",
"title": "Letter to Michael T. Duke, Chief Executive Officer, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.",
"date": "23 April 2012",
"type": "Commission report",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://oversightdemocrats.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/democrats-oversight.house.gov/files/migrated/2012-04-23_EEC-HAW_to_Wal-Mart_Duke.pdf",
"note": "Congressional letter that cites the Times article by title and date and restates its US$24 million figure. It records what the Times reported and is not a finding."
},
{
"source_id": "wells-fargo-s1",
"organization_id": "wells-fargo",
"issuer": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau",
"title": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Fines Wells Fargo $100 Million for Widespread Illegal Practice of Secretly Opening Unauthorized Accounts",
"date": "8 September 2016",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/newsroom/consumer-financial-protection-bureau-fines-wells-fargo-100-million-widespread-illegal-practice-secretly-opening-unauthorized-accounts/",
"note": "Supports the account figures and the three penalties. The US$185 million total is the sum of the three amounts, not a figure on the page."
},
{
"source_id": "wells-fargo-s2",
"organization_id": "wells-fargo",
"issuer": "Wells Fargo & Company",
"title": "Wells Fargo Issues Statement on Agreements Related to Sales Practices",
"date": "Undated on page, issued with the September 2016 agreements",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://newsroom.wf.com/press-release/corporate-and-financial/wells-fargo-issues-statement-agreements-related-sales",
"note": "The company's 2016 account of refunds and discipline. The page shows no headline or date in its text, so the title follows the newsroom URL and the date follows the CFPB announcement it refers to as today's news (S1). It is not an admission and was overtaken by later records."
},
{
"source_id": "wells-fargo-s3",
"organization_id": "wells-fargo",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Wells Fargo Agrees to Pay $3 Billion to Resolve Criminal and Civil Investigations into Sales Practices Involving the Opening of Millions of Accounts without Customer Authorization",
"date": "21 February 2020",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/wells-fargo-agrees-pay-3-billion-resolve-criminal-and-civil-investigations-sales-practices",
"note": "Supports the DPA, the US$3 billion total and leadership knowledge since 2002. It is not a conviction."
},
{
"source_id": "wells-fargo-s4",
"organization_id": "wells-fargo",
"issuer": "US Securities and Exchange Commission",
"title": "Wells Fargo to Pay $500 Million for Misleading Investors About the Success of Its Largest Business Unit",
"date": "21 February 2020",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2020-38",
"note": "Supports the SEC antifraud order and penalty. The release contains no admit or deny language."
},
{
"source_id": "wells-fargo-s5",
"organization_id": "wells-fargo",
"issuer": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau",
"title": "CFPB Orders Wells Fargo to Pay $3.7 Billion for Widespread Mismanagement of Auto Loans, Mortgages, and Deposit Accounts",
"date": "20 December 2022",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/newsroom/cfpb-orders-wells-fargo-to-pay-37-billion-for-widespread-mismanagement-of-auto-loans-mortgages-and-deposit-accounts/",
"note": "Supports the 2022 order and its amounts. It concerns conduct other than the 2016 accounts."
},
{
"source_id": "wells-fargo-s6",
"organization_id": "wells-fargo",
"issuer": "Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System",
"title": "Federal Reserve announces Wells Fargo is no longer subject to the asset growth restriction from the Board’s 2018 enforcement action against the bank",
"date": "3 June 2025",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/enforcement20250603a.htm",
"note": "Supports the removal of the asset cap. It says the other 2018 provisions remain until the bank meets the terms for ending them."
},
{
"source_id": "wells-fargo-s7",
"organization_id": "wells-fargo",
"issuer": "Wells Fargo & Company (Form 8-K exhibit)",
"title": "Wells Fargo Confirms Termination of 2018 OCC Compliance Consent Order",
"date": "13 February 2025",
"type": "Company filing",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/72971/000007297125000061/exhibit991-newsreleasexfeb.htm",
"note": "Company statement that the OCC ended its 2016 sales practices consent order in 2024 and that ten consent orders have closed since 2019. The OCC termination notice itself was not read."
},
{
"source_id": "wirecard-s1",
"organization_id": "wirecard",
"issuer": "Wirecard AG",
"title": "Wirecard AG: Statement of the Management Board about the current situation of the Company",
"date": "22 June 2020",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.wirecard.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/AH_2020_06_22_Statement-Board.pdf",
"note": "Company admission that EUR 1.9 billion in trust balances likely did not exist and that earlier business descriptions were incorrect. It does not assign individual responsibility."
},
{
"source_id": "wirecard-s2",
"organization_id": "wirecard",
"issuer": "Wirecard AG",
"title": "Wirecard AG: KPMG special review lasts until April 27 2020. Analysis so far provides no evidence of balance sheet manipulation",
"date": "22 April 2020",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://wirecard.com/2020/04/22/wirecard-ag-kpmg-special-review-lasts-until-april-27-2020-analysis-so-far-provides-no-evidence-of-balance-sheet-manipulation/",
"note": "Company account of interim KPMG findings. It records the reassurance later contradicted. It is not KPMG's own wording."
},
{
"source_id": "wirecard-s3",
"organization_id": "wirecard",
"issuer": "Wirecard AG",
"title": "Wirecard AG: KPMG delivers report on special investigation",
"date": "28 April 2020",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://www.wirecard.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/AH_2020_04_28_KPMG-report.pdf",
"note": "Company summary of the KPMG report, including data gaps on Third Party Acquiring revenues. The full KPMG report was not read."
},
{
"source_id": "wirecard-s4",
"organization_id": "wirecard",
"issuer": "Wirecard AG",
"title": "ad hoc 2020",
"date": "25 June 2020",
"type": "Company statement",
"tier": "B",
"url": "https://wirecard.com/category/ad-hoc-2020/",
"note": "Listing of 2020 ad hoc notices with the text of the 25 June 2020 insolvency application notice. It does not show later court decisions in the insolvency."
},
{
"source_id": "wirecard-s5",
"organization_id": "wirecard",
"issuer": "Associated Press (published by 1010 WINS)",
"title": "German prosecutors drop probe of journalists over Wirecard",
"date": "3 September 2020",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.audacy.com/1010wins/articles/ap-news/german-prosecutors-drop-probe-of-journalists-over-wirecard",
"note": "Reports the BaFin complaint and the closure of the probe into two FT journalists. It is a wire account, not the prosecutor's notice."
},
{
"source_id": "wirecard-s6",
"organization_id": "wirecard",
"issuer": "dpa (published by t-online)",
"title": "Wirecard: Verteidigung blitzt mit Aussetzung ab",
"date": "8 October 2026",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.t-online.de/finanzen/aktuelles/id_101472750/wirecard-verteidigung-blitzt-mit-aussetzung-ab.html",
"note": "Reports the trial stage, the EUR 3 billion damage figure from prosecutors and the denial. It does not set out the indictment."
},
{
"source_id": "wirecard-s7",
"organization_id": "wirecard",
"issuer": "Bloomberg News (published by American Banker)",
"title": "Wirecard slumps after report on executive suspected of fraud",
"date": "30 January 2019",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.americanbanker.com/payments/articles/wirecard-slumps-after-report-on-executive-suspected-of-fraud",
"note": "Same day wire account of the FT report and Wirecard's rejection of it. It carries no named reporter and does not give the FT headline. It records an allegation only."
},
{
"source_id": "zte-s1",
"organization_id": "zte",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "ZTE Corporation Agrees to Plead Guilty and Pay Over $430.4 Million for Violating U.S. Sanctions by Sending U.S.-Origin Items to Iran",
"date": "7 March 2017",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/zte-corporation-agrees-plead-guilty-and-pay-over-4304-million-violating-us-sanctions-sending",
"note": "Supports the plea, the three counts, the Iran conduct and the combined US$1.19 billion penalty. It does not mention North Korea or give a docket number."
},
{
"source_id": "zte-s2",
"organization_id": "zte",
"issuer": "US Department of Commerce",
"title": "Commerce Department Lifts Ban After ZTE Deposits Final Tranche of $1.4 Billion Penalty",
"date": "13 July 2018",
"type": "Regulator press release",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://2017-2021.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2018/07/commerce-department-lifts-ban-after-zte-deposits-final-tranche-14.html",
"note": "Supports the 15 April 2018 activation, its reason, the US$1 billion penalty, the US$400 million escrow and the 10-year suspended order."
},
{
"source_id": "zte-s3",
"organization_id": "zte",
"issuer": "Reuters, republished by Al Jazeera",
"title": "US judge rules in favour of China’s ZTE, ending probation",
"date": "23 March 2022",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2022/3/23/us-judge-rules-in-favor-of-chinas-zte-ending-probation",
"note": "Reuters report on the end of probation and the judge's comments. No individual byline is shown and the court order was not read."
},
{
"source_id": "zte-s4",
"organization_id": "zte",
"issuer": "Reuters, republished by The Standard",
"title": "China's ZTE may pay more than US$1 billion to the US over foreign bribery allegations, sources say",
"date": "11 December 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.thestandard.com.hk/finance/article/319033/Chinas-ZTE-may-pay-more-than-US1-billion-to-the-US-over-foreign-bribery-allegations-sources-say",
"note": "Reports an FCPA probe based on two unnamed sources. It does not establish any wrongdoing or agreed amount."
},
{
"source_id": "zte-s5",
"organization_id": "zte",
"issuer": "DatacenterDynamics",
"title": "ZTE cooperating with US gov't amid bribery allegations",
"date": "17 December 2025",
"type": "Press report",
"tier": "C",
"url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/zte-cooperating-with-us-govt-amid-bribery-allegations/",
"note": "Article by Paul Lipscombe quoting a ZTE board statement on talks with the Justice Department. It reports no resolution."
},
{
"source_id": "zte-s6",
"organization_id": "zte",
"issuer": "US Department of Justice",
"title": "Plea Agreement, United States of America v. ZTE Corporation",
"date": "7 March 2017",
"type": "Plea agreement",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/press-release/file/946276/dl",
"note": "Gives the court, the case number and the three counts. It cites the Iranian sanctions rules and does not mention North Korea. The scanned caption is partly illegible."
},
{
"source_id": "zte-s7",
"organization_id": "zte",
"issuer": "US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security",
"title": "Order Activating Suspended Denial Order Relating to Zhongxing Telecommunications Equipment Corporation and ZTE Kangxun Telecommunications Ltd.",
"date": "April 2018",
"type": "Regulator order",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.commerce.gov/sites/default/files/zte_denial_order.pdf",
"note": "Recites the 2017 settlement, including ZTE's admission of North Korea shipments, and the false statements on discipline. The day of issue is illegible in the copy read and is taken from S2 and S8."
},
{
"source_id": "zte-s8",
"organization_id": "zte",
"issuer": "Federal Register, US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security",
"title": "Order Terminating Denial Order Issued on April 15, 2018, Against Zhongxing Telecommunications Equipment Corporation and ZTE Kangxun Telecommunications Ltd.",
"date": "23 July 2018",
"type": "Regulator order",
"tier": "A",
"url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2018-07-23/html/2018-15633.htm",
"note": "Confirms the 15 April 2018 order, the 8 June 2018 superseding order, the payments and the 10-year suspended denial. It does not mention North Korea."
}
]
}